Question 12
Genes contain instructions for assembling _____. This is also known as the Central Dogma.
central_dogma_of_life_6349d0b229ed6.jpg
a
proteins.
b
nucleosomes.
c
purines.
d
pyrimidines.
Question 13
Eukaryotic DNA is packed in a chromatin structure, making it harder than prokaryotic DNA to be transcribed. Which proteins are directly involved in the structure of eukaryotic DNA?
arnold protein meme – Stone Strength Systems Gym
a
Actins
b
histones
c
polymerases
d
collagens
Question 14
If the DNA sequence is TAC TTG ACC, what would be the resulting amino acid sequence after transcription and translation?
(Hint: Think of the first step of protein synthesis? Do this first and then find the amino acid sequence.)
a
Tyr-Leu-Thre
b
Isol-Lys-STOP
c
Met-Asn-Trp
d
Gly-Ala-Val
Question 15
Watson and Crick (with Franklin's help) were the first to suggest that DNA is a_____.
a
protein
b
double helix
c
source of genetic material
d
very short molecule
Question 16
Match the DNA key terms to their correct definition.
Matchy matchy time!
match_up1_6349ddc233592.png
Column A
1.
adenine:
adenine
2.
base pairing:
base pairing
3.
cytosine:
cytosine
4.
guanine:
guanine
5.
thymine:
thymine
6.
mutagen:
mutagen
7.
frameshift mutation:
frameshift mutation
8.
point mutation:
point mutation
9.
chromosomal mutation:
chromosomal mutation
Column B
a.one of four nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; pairs with cytosine
b.one of four nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; pairs with thymine or uracil
c.gene mutation in which a single base pair in DNA has been changed
d.one of four nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; pairs with guanine
e.a change in number of chromosomes or a large amount of DNA in an organism
f.nitrogenous base found in DNA but not in RNA
g.mutation that shifts the “reading frame” of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide
h.principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine
i.chemical or physical agents in the environment that interact with DNA and may cause a mutation
Question 17
Match the DNA key terms to their correct definition.
Column A
1.
genetic material:
genetic material
2.
adenine:
adenine
3.
base pairing:
base pairing
4.
cytosine:
cytosine
5.
guanine:
guanine
6.
thymine:
thymine
7.
frameshift mutation:
frameshift mutation
8.
mutagen:
mutagen
9.
mutation:
mutation
10.
point mutation:
point mutation
11.
polyploidy:
polyploidy
Column B
a.chemical or physical agents in the environment that interact with DNA and may cause a mutation
b.change in the genetic material of a cell
c.one of four nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; pairs with thymine or uracil
d.condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
e.one of four nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; pairs with cytosine
f.nitrogenous base found in DNA but not in RNA
g.gene mutation in which a single base pair in DNA has been changed
h.principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine
i.mutation that shifts the “reading frame” of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide
j.substance containing the genetic information of a cell
k.one of four nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; pairs with guanine
Question 18
What type of bonds hold complementary base pairs together in a DNA double helix?
Mystery Fanfare: Cartoon of the Day: James Bond
a
peptide bonds
b
hydrogen bonds
c
covalent bonds
d
glycosidic bonds
Question 19
Which of the following enzymes is essential for the process of transcription?
a
Lactase
b
Protein polymerase
c
RNA polymerase
d
DNA polymerase
Question 20
Which of the following is the BEST explanation of the role of DNA and RNA in making proteins?
Protein Folding on Make a GIF
a
DNA unwinds into two separate strands, and an exact copy of each is produced during replication. During transcription, a DNA strand is copied to produce mRNA, which is an exact copy of the DNA strand except that uracil takes the place of thymine. During translation, each set of three bases in the mRNA results in a protein with a specialized function being formed.
b
DNA unwinds into two separate strands, and a complementary copy of each is produced during replication. During transcription, a DNA strand is used to produce a complementary strand of mRNA, with uracil taking the place of adenine. During translation, each base in the mRNA results in an amino acid being added to a chain, and a protein is formed.
c
DNA unwinds into two separate strands, and a complementary copy of each is produced during replication. During transcription, a DNA strand is used to produce a complementary strand of mRNA, with uracil taking the place of thymine. During translation, each set of three bases in the mRNA results in an amino acid being added to a chain, and a protein is formed.
d
DNA unwinds into two separate strands, and an exact copy of each is produced during replication. During translation, a DNA strand is used to produce a complementary strand of mRNA, with uracil taking the place of thymine. During transcription, each set of three codons in the mRNA results in an amino acid being added to a chain, and a protein is formed.
Question 21
A child is born with cystic fibrosis, an inherited recessive disorder.
No one in the family (on either side) for several generations is known to carry or have the disorder. How can this be explained?
a
The child contracted the illness from another child when he was born.
b
The child developed the disorder when he was born; it is a result of a birth defect.
c
The genetic disorder is recessive, and can be carried by heterozygous individuals without ever being realized or identified.
d
The genetic disorder formed from the mother's poor nutrition and prenatal care.
Question 22
Man Growing Stages From Baby Boy To Adult Businessman Royalty Free Cliparts, Vectors, And Stock Illustration. Image 109389426.As you grow from infant to adult, cells are added due to the process "binary fission."
True
False
Question 23
An organism is exposed to a mutagen that causes a mutation in the kidney cells. Which best describes if the offspring of the organism will inherit the mutation, and why?
a
The offspring will not inherit the mutation because the mutation is not in a sex cell.
b
The offspring will inherit the mutation because the abnormal protein that is synthesized will be copied into the sex cells.
c
The offspring will inherit the mutation because the arrangement of the DNA is permanently altered.
d
The offspring will not inherit the mutation because enzymes will fix the mutation before it can be passed on.
Question 24
What happens when ATP is converted to ADP?
a
Energy is released from bonds.
b
Energy is stored in bonds.
c
Energy remains in the same.
d
The cell dies.
Question 25
Viruses are often referred to as non-living infectious particles as they lack many characteristics of living organisms like cellular structure. They do not have the ability to carry out reproduction and metabolism without a host cell.
True or False and why?
a
True - if a living organism requires a cellular structure, even if they can reproduce - they are by definition non-living.
b
False - viruses are able to reproduce and use energy without a host cell.
c
False - viruses do have a clear cellular structure, including a cell membrane called an envelope.
d
False - viruses, like bacteria, do not have a cellular structure and yet, bacteria are considered living organisms.
Question 12: a) proteins.
Question 13: b) histones.
Question 14: c) Met-Asn-Trp.
Question 15: b) double helix.
Question 16:
1. e) adenine.
2. h) base pairing.
3. e) cytosine.
4. d) guanine.
5. f) thymine.
6. i) mutagen.
7. g) frameshift mutation.
8. c) point mutation.
9. e) chromosomal mutation.
Question 17:
1. j) genetic material.
2. e) adenine.
3. h) base pairing.
4. e) cytosine.
5. d) guanine.
6. f) thymine.
7. g) frameshift mutation.
8. a) mutagen.
9. b) mutation.
10. c) point mutation.
11. d) polyploidy.
Question 18: b) hydrogen bonds.
Question 19: c) RNA polymerase.
Question 20: c) DNA unwinds into two separate strands, and a complementary copy of each is produced during replication. During transcription, a DNA strand is used to produce a complementary strand of mRNA, with uracil taking the place of thymine. During translation, each set of three bases in the mRNA results in an amino acid being added to a chain, and a protein is formed.
Question 21: c) The genetic disorder is recessive, and can be carried by heterozygous individuals without ever being realized or identified.
Question 22: False.
Question 23: a) The offspring will not inherit the mutation because the mutation is not in a sex cell.
Question 24: a) Energy is released from bonds.
Question 25: b) False - viruses are able to reproduce and use energy without a host cell.