What is the process by which proteins are synthesized within cells?
A. Protein synthesis
B. Glycolysis
C. Protein digestion
D. Photosynthesis
A. Protein synthesis
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I apologize for the confusion. The process by which proteins are synthesized within cells is called protein synthesis.
No I never asked that use your brains!
I apologize for misunderstanding your previous statement. The process by which proteins are synthesized within cells involves several steps:
1. Transcription: The DNA molecule containing the instructions for protein synthesis is first copied, or transcribed, into mRNA (messenger RNA) in the nucleus.
2. mRNA processing: The pre-mRNA molecule undergoes certain modifications, such as the removal of introns and the addition of a protective cap and poly-A tail, to form mature mRNA.
3. mRNA export: The mature mRNA molecule is transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm through nuclear pores.
4. Translation: The mRNA attaches to a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where the information in the mRNA is used to synthesize a protein. This process involves the reading of codons (three-nucleotide sequences) in the mRNA by transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, which carry specific amino acids. The amino acids are joined together to form a polypeptide chain, which then folds into a functional protein.
5. Protein folding and processing: The newly synthesized polypeptide chain undergoes various modifications and folding processes to form the final, functional protein.
6. Protein targeting and transport: Some proteins may be targeted to specific cellular compartments, such as the nucleus, ER, Golgi apparatus, or mitochondria, and require specific transport mechanisms to reach their destinations.
Again, I apologize for any confusion earlier. I hope this answer provides the information you were seeking.