If six yellow (5 units) rods are used to make a one-color train and eight yellow rods are used to make a second one-color train, what information about common factors or common multiples does this provide?

This information indicates that the two trains have a common factor of yellow (since both trains are made up of yellow rods) and a common multiple of 40 units (since 6 yellow rods have a total length of 30 units and 8 yellow rods have a total length of 40 units).