Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for depression and/or suicide?

a a parent or other close biological relative with a mood disorder
b experiencing a violent crime or witnessing violence
c being sad for a while after your friend moves away
d a previous bout of depression

c) being sad for a while after your friend moves away

It is normal to feel sad when a friend moves away. Although such an event can be upsetting and stressful, transient sadness does not equate to clinical depression and is not considered a risk factor for depression or suicide in the same way as the other options listed. However, it's important to note that if this type of sadness persists and significantly impacts daily functioning, it could potentially contribute to the development of depression, which would then be a risk factor for further depression or suicide. The other options (a, b, and d) are recognized risk factors for depression or suicide:

a) A parent or other close biological relative with a mood disorder increases the risk of developing similar problems due to genetic and environmental factors.
b) Experiencing a violent crime or witnessing violence can lead to trauma, which is a risk factor for depression and other mental health issues.
d) A previous bout of depression can increase the risk of future episodes of depression and is a known risk factor for suicide.