The type of reaction you are referring to is called a decomposition reaction. In a decomposition reaction, a single reactant molecule breaks down into two or more products. This process is often initiated by heat, light, or the addition of a catalyst. Decomposition reactions are commonly seen in various chemical and biological processes. Examples include the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate to produce calcium oxide and carbon dioxide gas, and the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen gas.
