What are conflict metals?

Conflict metals, also referred to as conflict minerals, are minerals or metals sourced from regions affected by armed conflict and human rights abuses. These minerals include tin, tantalum, tungsten, and gold, commonly known as the "3TG" minerals. These materials are vital in the production of various consumer electronics, such as smartphones, laptops, and other electronic devices, as well as in jewelry and other industries.

The extraction and trade of conflict minerals often contribute to financing armed groups, fueling conflicts, and promoting human rights violations, including forced labor, child labor, and environmental degradation. Many of these conflicts occur in countries such as the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, South Sudan, and others in Central Africa.

To address this issue, several regulations have been introduced, most notably the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act in the United States. This act requires companies to disclose their use of conflict minerals and undertake due diligence to ensure their supply chains are free from such conflict minerals. The goal is to promote responsible sourcing and prevent the exploitation and funding of armed conflict through mineral trade.