DNA carries the cell’s genetic information; however, it cannot leave the nucleus.
Because of this, it copies part of its nucleotide sequence into a complementary copy of
mRNA during the process called transcription.
During this process, the enzyme,
separates the DNA strands.
One strand of DNA acts as the
template from which nucleotides are assembled into a strand of RNA.
Each three letter sequence on the mRNA is called a codon .
The start codon is AUG and the three stop codons are UAG UGA UAA.
Once the mRNA leaves the nucleus, it goes to the ribosome to prepare for protein
synthesis, which is called translation.
During this process, a tRNA molecule brings the amino acid to the ribosome.
The amino acids are hooked together by peptide bonds.
The tRNA is able to match up to the mRNA by the complimentary bases in its anticodons.
When the stop codon is reached, the chain is released into the cytoplasm.