Semester 1: Unit 4 Cell Work Study Guide
Define the following terms:
Word
Definition
Endotherm (Lesson 11)
Ectotherm (Lesson 11)
ATP (Lesson 2)
Glycolysis (Lesson 8)
Electron transport chain (Lessons 2, 3)
Chlorophyll (Lessons 2, 3)
Answer the following questions:
What is the original source of energy for all living things? (Lesson 2)
Why do leaves change color in the fall? (Lesson 2)
What happens during the Calvin cycle? What is required for it to happen (does it need light? Where does the cycle take place?)? (Lesson 2)
Where does the energy required for photosynthesis come from? (Lesson 2)
The following equation represents what process?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6H2O + 6CO2 + Energy (Lesson 7)
Describe the lactic acid fermentation process. (Lesson 9)
List the steps of the Krebs cycle and the products it creates. (Lesson 8)
List the steps of cellular respiration and the reactants and products created at each step. (Lesson 8, 11)
Glycolysis is started by what macromolecule? (Lesson 8)
How many molecules of O2 are required for each molecule of glucose to undergo cellular respiration? (Lesson 10)
How can ATP be used to heat up the body? (Lesson 11)
Endotherm: An organism that generates heat to maintain a stable body temperature, commonly found in birds and mammals.
Ectotherm: An organism that relies on external sources of heat to maintain body temperature, commonly found in reptiles and amphibians.
ATP: Adenosine triphosphate, a molecule that stores and releases energy for cellular processes.
Glycolysis: The process by which glucose is broken down into pyruvate, releasing a small amount of ATP and NADH.
Electron transport chain: A series of proteins and molecules in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transfers electrons and generates ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
Chlorophyll: A pigment found in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.
The original source of energy for all living things is the sun.
Leaves change color in the fall due to the breakdown of chlorophyll and the production of other pigments.
During the Calvin cycle, carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using ATP and NADPH. It does not require light and takes place in the stroma of chloroplasts.
The energy required for photosynthesis comes from sunlight.
The equation C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6H2O + 6CO2 + Energy represents cellular respiration.
Lactic acid fermentation is the process by which glucose is converted into lactic acid in the absence of oxygen, producing a small amount of ATP.
The Krebs cycle includes the steps of pyruvate decarboxylation, citric acid formation, and the regeneration of the starting molecule. It produces ATP, NADH, and FADH2.
Cellular respiration includes glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, and oxidative phosphorylation. The reactants and products at each step vary, but overall, glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide and water, releasing ATP.
Glycolysis is started by glucose.
For each molecule of glucose, 6 molecules of oxygen are required for cellular respiration.
ATP can be used to heat up the body by releasing energy as heat during metabolism.