The relationships between colonizers and Indigenous peoples varied greatly across North America. In some regions, such as the Spanish colonies in present-day Mexico and Southwestern United States, there was more intermingling and intermarriage between the two groups. In other areas, particularly in British and French colonies, there was often conflict and violence as the colonizers sought to control and exploit Indigenous lands and resources. Some Indigenous peoples were able to maintain a degree of autonomy and sovereignty, while others were forcibly removed from their lands or subjected to forced assimilation policies.
