The Supreme Court decision in Worcester v. Georgia (1832) declared that Native American tribes were sovereign entities, which states could not regulate, and the Indian Removal Act of 1830 allowed the federal government to negotiate treaties to exchange Native American lands in the Southeast for territory west of the Mississippi River, ultimately leading to the forced removal and resettlement of numerous Native American groups on the Trail of Tears.

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The ruling in Worcester v. Georgia (1832) by the Supreme Court determined that Native American tribes possessed independent authority that individual states could not govern. On the other hand, the Indian Removal Act of 1830 granted the federal government the power to engage in negotiations and sign agreements to swap Native American lands in the Southeast with territories in the west of the Mississippi River. Consequently, this policy resulted in the compelled expulsion and relocation of numerous Native American communities, infamously known as the Trail of Tears.