Alpha Beta and Gamma Radiation
Alpha, beta, and gamma radiation are types of ionizing radiation that are emitted by unstable atoms.
Alpha radiation consists of alpha particles, which are made up of two protons and two neutrons. These particles have a positive charge and are relatively large and heavy. They have a low penetrating power and can be stopped by a sheet of paper or a few centimeters of air. However, they can be very damaging if they are inhaled or ingested.
Beta radiation consists of beta particles, which are high-energy electrons or positrons. These particles have a negative charge and are much smaller and lighter than alpha particles. They have a higher penetrating power than alpha particles and can pass through a few millimeters of plastic or a few centimeters of aluminum. They can cause burns if they come into contact with the skin or cause damage if they are inhaled or ingested.
Gamma radiation consists of electromagnetic waves, similar to X-rays and light. Gamma rays have a very high penetrating power and can pass through several centimeters of lead or many meters of concrete. They are the most dangerous type of radiation because they can cause damage to living tissue at the cellular level. They can be emitted alongside alpha or beta particles but can also be emitted on their own.
These types of radiation are commonly produced in nuclear reactions, such as radioactive decay, nuclear fission, or nuclear fusion. They can have a variety of uses in medicine, industry, and research, but can also pose significant health risks if not properly controlled and shielded against.