Lipoproteins (LDL, HDL)

Lipoproteins are molecules that transport fats and cholesterol in the blood. They consist of a core of lipids surrounded by a layer of proteins. There are two main types of lipoproteins: LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and HDL (high-density lipoprotein).

LDL, often referred to as "bad cholesterol," carries cholesterol from the liver to the cells throughout the body. However, if there is an excess of LDL in the blood, it can build up in the arteries and form plaques, leading to atherosclerosis and an increased risk of heart disease.

HDL, known as "good cholesterol," has the opposite function. It helps remove cholesterol from the cells and artery walls and transport it back to the liver for processing and excretion. High levels of HDL are associated with a reduced risk of heart disease.

It is important to maintain a healthy balance between LDL and HDL cholesterol levels to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Factors such as diet, physical activity, and genetics can influence the levels of these lipoproteins in the blood. Managing these factors through a healthy lifestyle and, if necessary, medication can help maintain optimal lipoprotein levels.