In order for an individual to be diagnosed with an intellectual disability, they must...
meet certain criteria as outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). These criteria include:
1. Intellectual functioning: The individual must have an IQ score below 70-75 on a standardized intelligence test. This score represents approximately two standard deviations below the average IQ score of the general population.
2. Adaptive functioning: The individual must have limitations in adaptive functioning, which refers to the ability to effectively and independently carry out activities of daily life, such as communication, self-care, social skills, and problem-solving. These limitations should be evident in at least two areas of adaptive functioning.
3. Onset before adulthood: The limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive functioning must have been present during the developmental period, preferably before the age of 18.
4. Impairment in everyday life: The limitations in intellectual and adaptive functioning should result in significant impairment in everyday life, including difficulties in school, work, social interactions, and independent living.
It is important to note that the diagnosis of intellectual disability is not solely based on IQ scores but also considers adaptive functioning and the impact of the limitations on the individual's daily life. Additionally, the diagnosis should only be made after ruling out other potential causes of the impairments, such as sensory or physical disabilities, psychiatric disorders, or environmental factors.