Activity - Biographies of Cultural Contributors
We have learned about several people who made cultural contributions to America during the 1920s and 1930s. Knowing something about a person leads to greater appreciation for his or her contribution. In this activity you will select a musician, a poet or writer, and an entertainer or other contributor. For each of the three people selected, you will research and write a brief biography. The biography should include an important contribution by the person.
Musician: Louis Armstrong
Born on August 4, 1901 in New Orleans, Louisiana, Louis Armstrong was a renowned jazz musician and trumpeter. Known for his unique playing style and charismatic stage presence, Armstrong became a major figure in the development of jazz music during the 1920s and 1930s.
Armstrong's contribution to American culture lies in his innovative approach to improvisation in jazz music. He pioneered the use of scat singing, a vocal technique where the singer uses nonsense syllables to create melodic lines. Armstrong's ability to improvise effortlessly and create soulful, heartfelt melodies revolutionized jazz and inspired countless musicians.
In addition to his musical contributions, Armstrong also broke down racial barriers through his music. As an African American, he faced significant discrimination and racism throughout his career. However, Armstrong's talent and popularity transcended racial boundaries, earning him respect and admiration from audiences worldwide. His success paved the way for other African American musicians to gain recognition and acceptance in the largely white-dominated music industry.
Throughout his long and influential career, Armstrong recorded numerous hit songs, including "What a Wonderful World," "Hello, Dolly!" and "Mack the Knife." His impact on American music and culture cannot be overstated, as his unique style and groundbreaking techniques continue to influence musicians to this day.
Poet or Writer: Langston Hughes
Langston Hughes, born on February 1, 1902 in Joplin, Missouri, was one of the leading figures of the Harlem Renaissance, a cultural and artistic movement that flourished in the 1920s in Harlem, New York City. Hughes was an American poet, social activist, novelist, and playwright.
Hughes's contribution to American culture lies in his powerful and influential poetry. Writing about the African American experience, Hughes gave voice to the struggles, joys, and dreams of the Black community. His poetry often celebrated the beauty and resilience of African American culture, while also addressing issues of racial inequality and social injustice.
One of Hughes's most famous poems, "Harlem" (also known as "A Dream Deferred"), explores the idea of deferred dreams and the consequences of unfulfilled aspirations. Through his vivid imagery and poignant language, Hughes captured the frustrations and aspirations of African Americans during the time of the Great Depression and racial segregation.
In addition to his poetry, Hughes also wrote plays, short stories, and novels, including his acclaimed work "The Weary Blues" and his autobiography "The Big Sea." Through his writings, Hughes became a voice for the African American community, challenging stereotypes and advocating for social change.
Entertainer or Other Contributor: Josephine Baker
Born on June 3, 1906, in St. Louis, Missouri, Josephine Baker was a pioneering entertainer and civil rights activist. Known for her captivating stage presence, extravagant costumes, and energetic dance moves, Baker became one of the most successful African American performers in France and internationally during the 1920s and 1930s.
Baker's contribution to American culture lies in her role as an advocate for racial equality and a symbol of female empowerment. In an era of rampant racism and discrimination, Baker challenged societal norms by showcasing her talent and beauty on stage. Her performances exuded sensuality, confidence, and poise, challenging stereotypes and breaking down racial barriers.
Baker also played a pivotal role in the civil rights movement. In the 1950s and 1960s, she used her platform and international fame to support the fight against segregation and racism in the United States. She participated in the March on Washington alongside Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and was the only official female speaker at the event.
In addition to her activism, Baker's performances were groundbreaking for their integration of different dance forms, including elements of African, Caribbean, and European styles. She introduced the "banana skirt" dance, widely considered her signature act, in which she wore a skirt made of artificial bananas and danced provocatively, challenging societal norms and pushing boundaries.
Baker's influence on American culture and her dedication to fighting for racial equality earned her numerous accolades, including the French Legion of Honor and the NAACP's Spingarn Medal. She will always be remembered as an iconic figure who used her talent and fame to break down racial barriers and uplift marginalized communities.