you will complete a portfolio that compares and contrasts ancient Greek and Roman civilizations. You will consider the power and achievement of both civilizations. You will also explore their forms of government, art, architecture, science, medicine, and literature.
Title: Ancient Greek and Roman Civilizations: A Comparative Portfolio
Introduction:
Ancient Greek and Roman civilizations were highly influential in shaping the world as we know it today. Both civilizations left an indelible mark on history through their power, achievements, and contributions to various fields. This portfolio aims to compare and contrast the key aspects of these civilizations' government systems, art and architecture, scientific advancements, medical practices, and literary achievements, shedding light on their similarities and differences.
1. Forms of Government:
Greek Civilization:
- Direct democracy in Athens
- City-states with independent governments
- Assembly of citizens played a crucial role in decision-making
Roman Civilization:
- Republican form of government
- Checks and balances system among consuls, senators, and assemblies
- Later transformed into an autocratic empire led by emperors
2. Art and Architecture:
Greek Civilization:
- Balanced and harmonious sculptures (idealized human form)
- Columns Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian styles
- Exquisite pottery (vase painting)
- The Parthenon, a symbol of classical Greek architecture
Roman Civilization:
- Emphasis on realistic sculptures and portraiture
- Arch and vault techniques in architecture
- Frescoes and mosaics showcasing scenes of daily life
- Colosseum, showcasing grandeur and architectural prowess
3. Science and Medicine:
Greek Civilization:
- Groundbreaking theories by philosophers such as Pythagoras (mathematics) and Aristotle (biology)
- Hippocratic Oath: Code of ethics for physicians
- Contributions in astronomy and physics (Ptolemy, Archimedes)
Roman Civilization:
- Focused on practical applications of engineering and public health
- Advanced aqueducts, road systems, and sewage systems
- Medical advancements in public sanitation, surgery, and herbal remedies
- The works of Galen (physician) and Pliny the Elder (natural historian)
4. Literature:
Greek Civilization:
- Epic poems, such as Homer's Iliad and Odyssey
- Greek tragedies by playwrights like Sophocles and Euripides
- Philosophical works by Plato and Aristotle
- The foundation of Western literature and poetry
Roman Civilization:
- Historical accounts (Julius Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic Wars)
- Satires and comedies by writers like Horace and Plautus
- Epic poem Aeneid by Virgil
- Influence on the development of Latin literature
Conclusion:
Ancient Greek and Roman civilizations were remarkably powerful and achieved significant accomplishments across various domains. While both civilizations excelled in different areas, they shared commonalities in terms of their impact on art, literature, and the development of governmental systems. These extraordinary civilizations continue to inspire and shape our world today.