Outline separation techniques with their principles
I. Filtration
- Principle: Particle size difference
- Techniques:
1. Gravity Filtration
2. Vacuum Filtration
3. Centrifugal Filtration
II. Distillation
- Principle: Differences in boiling points
- Techniques:
1. Simple Distillation
2. Fractional Distillation
3. Steam Distillation
III. Chromatography
- Principle: Differences in solubility and/or affinity for a stationary phase
- Techniques:
1. Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC)
2. Gas Chromatography (GC)
3. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
IV. Decantation
- Principle: Differences in density and/or insolubility
- Techniques:
1. Gravity Decantation
2. Centrifugal Decantation
V. Crystallization
- Principle: Differences in solubility at different temperatures
- Techniques:
1. Evaporation Crystallization
2. Cooling Crystallization
3. Vacuum Crystallization
VI. Extraction
- Principle: Differences in solubility between two immiscible phases
- Techniques:
1. Liquid-Liquid Extraction
2. Solid-Liquid Extraction
VII. Sublimation
- Principle: Differences in volatility and/or sublimation points
- Techniques:
1. Vacuum Sublimation
2. Heat Sublimation
VIII. Electrophoresis
- Principle: Differences in charge and/or size
- Techniques:
1. Gel Electrophoresis
2. Capillary Electrophoresis
IX. Magnetic Separation
- Principle: Differences in magnetic properties
- Techniques:
1. Magnetic Filtration
2. Magnetic Attraction
X. Sieving
- Principle: Differences in particle size
- Techniques:
1. Dry Sieving
2. Wet Sieving
Note: This is a generalized outline, and there may be other separation techniques with their principles depending on the specific field and context.