Individual atoms are too small for a person to see. However, we can determine the type of bond a substance has by its behavior. If we were to put a substance in water such as sand, how could you use what you learned in this lab to discover its bond type?
In order to determine the bond type of a substance like sand when placed in water, we can observe its behavior and make inferences based on what we have learned in the lab. Here are a few steps to follow:
1. Observe if the sand dissolves in the water or not. If the sand dissolves completely, it suggests that the bond type in sand is ionic or polar covalent. Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons between atoms, resulting in the formation of ions that can dissolve in water. Polar covalent bonds involve the unequal sharing of electrons between atoms, creating partial charges that can also facilitate dissolution in water. On the other hand, if the sand does not dissolve or only slightly dissolves, it indicates a nonpolar covalent bond.
2. Pay attention to the physical properties of the sand in water. If the sand forms a homogeneous solution with water, it suggests that the bond type is either ionic or polar covalent. Homogeneous solutions are formed when the intermolecular forces between the solute and solvent are strong enough to properly mix at a molecular level. If the sand forms a heterogeneous mixture or suspension, it indicates nonpolar covalent bonds since they lack the necessary attractive forces for a homogenous solution.
3. Observe the electrical conductivity of the water after the sand is added. If the water conducts electricity, it indicates the presence of ions due to an ionic bond, suggesting that the sand is composed of an ionic compound. If the water does not conduct electricity, it suggests that the bond type is nonpolar covalent since nonpolar molecules do not dissociate into ions in water.
4. Observe any changes in the pH of water after adding the sand. If the pH changes significantly, it suggests the presence of an ionic compound, as it can release or accept protons when dissolved in water. Nonpolar covalent compounds usually do not have the ability to significantly alter the pH of water.
By considering these observations and using what we have learned from the lab, we can make an informed inference about the bond type of the substance based on its behavior in water.