three type of genetic mutation
There are several types of genetic mutations, but three common types are:
1. Point mutation: This is a change in a single nucleotide base within a DNA sequence. It can be classified into three subtypes:
- Silent mutation: When the change in a nucleotide does not lead to a change in the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein.
- Missense mutation: When the change in a nucleotide leads to the incorporation of a different amino acid in the resulting protein.
- Nonsense mutation: When the change in a nucleotide leads to the inclusion of a premature stop codon, resulting in a truncated or incomplete protein.
2. Insertion or deletion mutation: In this type of mutation, one or more nucleotides are inserted or deleted from a DNA sequence, leading to a shift in the "reading frame" of the genetic code. This can cause a change in the entire amino acid sequence downstream of the mutation.
3. Chromosomal mutation: These mutations involve changes in the structure or number of chromosomes. Examples include:
- Duplication: A segment of a chromosome is duplicated, resulting in an additional copy of that segment.
- Deletion: A segment of a chromosome is missing or deleted.
- Inversion: A segment of a chromosome is reversed in orientation.
- Translocation: A segment of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to a different chromosome, leading to rearrangements.
It is important to note that these are just a few examples of genetic mutations, and there are other types as well.