Three-letter segments of mRNA code for specific(1 point)
Responses
sickle cells.
sickle cells.
chromosomes.
chromosomes.
disorders.
disorders.
amino acids.
amino acids.
Correct! Three-letter segments of mRNA code for specific amino acids.
The three-letter segments of mRNA code for specific responses, such as sickle cells, chromosomes, disorders, and amino acids.
To understand how three-letter segments of mRNA code for specific responses, we need to look into the process of protein synthesis. In the context of this question, we are referring to mRNA segments called codons.
1. Codons and mRNA: mRNA molecules are single-stranded copies of DNA that carry the genetic information from the DNA in the cell's nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Each mRNA molecule is made up of a sequence of nucleotides, where three nucleotides form a codon.
2. Genetic Code: The genetic code is the set of rules that govern the translation of the codons into specific amino acids. There are a total of 64 possible codons (4 bases arranged in triplets), including both coding and stop codons.
3. Amino Acids: Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. During protein synthesis, each codon in the mRNA molecule corresponds to a specific amino acid. For example, the codon AUG codes for the amino acid methionine, which serves as the start codon for protein synthesis.
4. The Role of tRNA: Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules are the intermediaries between the mRNA codons and the amino acids. Each tRNA molecule carries a specific amino acid and has an anticodon that recognizes and pairs with the corresponding codon on the mRNA.
5. Translation: Once the mRNA molecule reaches the ribosome, the process of translation begins. The ribosome reads the codons on the mRNA, and tRNA molecules bring the corresponding amino acids to the ribosome in the correct order. As the ribosome moves along the mRNA, it links the amino acids together to form a polypeptide chain, which eventually folds into a functional protein.
In summary, three-letter segments of mRNA called codons code for specific amino acids during the process of translation in protein synthesis. The genetic code provides the rules for translating the codons into specific amino acids, which ultimately determine the sequence and function of the proteins produced.