Calcium carbonate is the major source of cement industry in png. Name other high grade ores
Other high grade ores used in the cement industry include:
1. Limestone: Besides calcium carbonate, limestone also contains magnesium carbonate and trace amounts of other minerals. It is a primary source of calcium oxide (lime) used in cement production.
2. Clay: Certain types of clay, such as kaolin or ball clay, contain high amounts of aluminum and silica, which are important components in the production of cement.
3. Shale: Shale is rich in silica, aluminum oxide, and other minerals. It is commonly used as a source of silica (silicon dioxide) in cement production.
4. Iron ore: Iron ore is sometimes used as a source of iron oxide in cement manufacturing. It provides the necessary iron oxide (Fe2O3) as a coloring agent and helps to improve the kiln process efficiency.
5. Silica sand: Silica sand, composed mainly of silicon dioxide, is used as a source of silicon in cement production. It helps to control the setting time of cement and improves its strength.
6. Gypsum: Gypsum is a mineral that contains calcium sulfate, and it is added to cement to regulate its setting time and enhance its workability.
Note: These are just a few examples of high grade ores used in the cement industry. The actual ores used can vary depending on location and specific manufacturing processes.
Other high-grade ores used in the cement industry, apart from calcium carbonate, include:
1. Limestone: Limestone is another significant source of calcium carbonate used in the cement manufacturing process. It is a sedimentary rock composed primarily of calcium carbonate.
2. Clay: Certain types of clay, such as kaolin and shale, contain minerals like silica, alumina, and iron oxide. These minerals are essential in the production of cement.
3. Silica: Silica, in the form of sand or quartz, is a common ingredient in cement. It provides essential silicates that contribute to the desired chemical and physical properties of cement.
4. Iron ore: Iron ore, particularly hematite or magnetite, is sometimes used as an additional source of iron oxide in cement production. It helps to enhance the strength and durability of cement.
5. Gypsum: Gypsum is a mineral used as a setting er in cement. It regulates the setting time of cement and improves its workability and strength.
6. Bauxite: Bauxite is a source of aluminum oxide (alumina), and it is occasionally used as a raw material in cement production. It provides the necessary amount of alumina for the formation of cement clinker.
It is important to note that the availability and suitability of these high-grade ores may vary depending on the region and specific requirements of the cement industry.
To find the names of other high-grade ores in the cement industry, you can follow these steps:
1. Research Cement Production: Understand the process and raw materials used in cement production. Cement is a composite material made from a mixture of raw materials, primarily limestone (calcium carbonate), clay, and other minerals.
2. Identify Primary Ingredients: Along with calcium carbonate, other high-grade ores commonly used in cement production include:
a. Silica (SiO2): Silica is derived from sources like quartz, sand, and shale.
b. Alumina (Al2O3): Alumina is typically obtained from bauxite, a mineral rich in aluminum oxide.
c. Iron ores: Iron ores containing high levels of iron can be used as a source of iron oxide (Fe2O3) in cement production.
d. Gypsum (CaSO4ยท2H2O): Gypsum is a mineral used to regulate the setting time of cement.
3. Exploration of Other Ores: Besides these primary ingredients, other high-grade ores like clay minerals (e.g., kaolin, montmorillonite), shale, sand, and iron slag can also be utilized in the cement industry.
It's important to note that the specific ores and minerals used can vary depending on regional availability and local production practices. Therefore, it's recommended to consult local cement industry reports, academic resources, or technical publications to get the most accurate and up-to-date information about high-grade ores used in the cement industry of a particular region, such as Papua New Guinea (PNG) in this case.