Which describes an endospore?
a thin, thread-like bridge that joins two bacteria together
a tiny structure inside bacteria where proteins are produced
a small, rounded, resting cell that forms inside a bacterium
a long, whiplike structure that helps a bacterium move
a small, rounded, resting cell that forms inside a bacterium
2.
During which process is food broken down to release energy?
respiration
reproduction
binary fission
conjugation
respiration
The correct answer is: a small, rounded, resting cell that forms inside a bacterium. An endospore is a specialized structure that forms inside certain bacterial cells, typically when they are exposed to unfavorable conditions. It is a dormant, resistant cell that can withstand extreme conditions such as high temperatures, low nutrient availability, and exposure to chemicals or radiation.
To determine the correct answer, let's break down each option and match it with the description of an endospore:
1. "A thin, thread-like bridge that joins two bacteria together" does not match the description of an endospore. This description is commonly associated with conjugation pili, which facilitate the transfer of genetic material between bacteria.
2. "A tiny structure inside bacteria where proteins are produced" does not match the description of an endospore either. This description is indicative of ribosomes, which are responsible for protein synthesis in cells.
3. "A small, rounded, resting cell that forms inside a bacterium" accurately describes an endospore. Endospores are specialized structures that some bacteria produce when they encounter unfavorable environmental conditions. These endospores are resistant, dormant cells that can survive harsh conditions until more favorable conditions occur, allowing the endospore to germinate and form an active bacterium again.
4. "A long, whiplike structure that helps a bacterium move" is a description of a flagellum. Flagella are whip-like appendages that many bacteria use for locomotion.
Based on the explanations above, the correct answer is: a small, rounded, resting cell that forms inside a bacterium.