Increased suffrage and the development of new political parties in the early 1800s indicate which of the following?

a expansion of democracy
b restriction of democracy
c increase in the power of individual states
d decrease in the power of individual states

a) expansion of democracy

Increased suffrage and the development of new political parties in the early 1800s indicate a expansion of democracy.

Increased suffrage and the development of new political parties in the early 1800s indicate the expansion of democracy (option a).

To arrive at this answer, let's break down the options:

a) Expansion of democracy: This means that more people were being granted the right to vote (suffrage) and that new political parties were being formed. This suggests a broader participation of citizens in the political process and a greater influence of the electorate over governmental decisions.

b) Restriction of democracy: This would imply that suffrage was being limited, or that political parties were being suppressed. However, the question states that suffrage was increasing, not decreasing, and the development of new political parties also indicates a more open political landscape. Therefore, this option is not supported.

c) Increase in the power of individual states: The question does not mention any specific increase in the power of individual states. While the development of new political parties may have led to differing regional interests, the overall focus is on democracy and suffrage rather than state power.

d) Decrease in the power of individual states: Again, the question does not provide any evidence for a decrease in state power. Therefore, this option is not supported either.

By process of elimination and considering the context of expanded suffrage and the formation of new political parties, option a, expansion of democracy, is the most logical choice.