Which of the following transition words signals cause-and-effect?

1. However
2. First
3. Finally
4. As a result

4. As a result

The transition word that signals cause-and-effect in this list is "As a result."

Transition words are words or phrases that help connect ideas or sentences together to create a smooth flow of information in a text. They provide readers with cues about the relationships between different parts of the text, such as cause and effect, contrast, sequence, or comparison.

To determine which transition word signals cause-and-effect, you need to understand the meaning of each word in the list:

1. However: This word is used to show a contrast or opposition between ideas.

2. First: This word is used to indicate the initial step in a sequence or to show the order of events.

3. Finally: This word is used to signify the last or concluding step in a sequence or to show the final result.

4. As a result: This phrase specifically shows cause and effect. It indicates that one event or action leads to a consequent outcome.

Based on the explanations above, we can see that "As a result" is the transition word that explicitly signals cause-and-effect.

The transition word that signals cause-and-effect is "4. As a result."