One example of scientific racism used during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries is the concept of "racial hierarchy" or "race-based intelligence." This theory posited that certain races were inherently superior to others in terms of intelligence and civilization. It was used to justify colonialism, slavery, and discriminatory policies, promoting the idea that Europeans were intellectually superior to other races. This theory was debunked by modern scientific studies that emphasize the equality and diversity of human intelligence.
• Africa was a continent in conflict with neighboring empires warring over natural resources and international allegiances
While it is true that Africa experienced conflicts and disputes over natural resources and international allegiances during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, it is not an example of scientific racism. Scientific racism refers to the use of flawed scientific theories to justify racial inequality and discrimination.
• Africa was a continent built on European education and infrastructure, which was how it avoided colonization.
The statement that Africa avoided colonization by being built on European education and infrastructure is not accurate. In reality, much of Africa was colonized by European powers during the late 19th and early 20th centuries through the process known as the Scramble for Africa. European powers, such as Britain, France, Belgium, Germany, and Portugal, colonized large portions of the continent and exerted control over African territories. These European powers exploited Africa's resources, imposed political control, and established their own administrations and infrastructure networks, often for the benefit of the colonial powers themselves. It is important to acknowledge the complex history of colonization in Africa and the various factors that influenced it, such as economic interests, geopolitical rivalries, and the scramble for resources. African resistance to colonization and the eventual struggle for independence are also significant parts of African history.
Which event most directly led to the Meiji Restoration? (1 point)
The event that most directly led to the Meiji Restoration was the arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry and his "Black Ships" in 1853. This event, known as the Opening of Japan, was a display of American naval power and forced Japan to end its policy of isolationism. This event shocked the Japanese government and led to a realization that Japan needed to modernize and strengthen its military in order to avoid being colonized by Western powers. The Meiji Restoration, which occurred in 1868, was a result of these realizations and marked a period of rapid modernization and Westernization in Japan.
Which imperial power occupied Egypt in 1882 because of debt incurred from building the Suez Canal? (1 p
The imperial power that occupied Egypt in 1882 because of the debt incurred from building the Suez Canal was Britain.
In 1-2 sentences, compare how the approach of European colonization in Asia and Africa was similar. (2 points)
