Tandem repeats of short DNA sequences with varying numbers of repeats found among individuals.
A.
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
B.
STR (Short Tandem Repeat)
C.
VNTR (Variable number of Tandem Repeats)
B. STR (Short Tandem Repeat) and C. VNTR (Variable number of Tandem Repeats)
C. VNTR (Variable number of Tandem Repeats)
The correct answer is "C. VNTR (Variable number of Tandem Repeats)".
VNTR, which stands for Variable number of Tandem Repeats, refers to a type of genetic variation that involves tandem repeats of short DNA sequences with varying numbers of repeats. These repeats can be found in specific regions of the genome known as VNTR loci or minisatellite regions.
To identify and analyze VNTRs, techniques like PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and STR (Short Tandem Repeat) analysis are commonly used. PCR is a laboratory technique that amplifies a specific segment of DNA, allowing for its detection and further analysis. In the case of VNTRs, PCR can be performed using primers that bind to the flanking regions of the VNTR locus, resulting in the amplification of the repeated DNA segment.
Once the DNA has been amplified, STR analysis can be employed to determine the number of repeats present within the VNTR region. STRs are a type of VNTR that involve the repetition of very short DNA sequences (usually 2 to 6 base pairs) and are highly variable between individuals. By comparing the sizes of the amplified DNA fragments using techniques like gel electrophoresis, scientists can determine the number of repeats at each particular VNTR locus, generating a unique genetic profile for each individual.
In summary, VNTRs are tandem repeats of short DNA sequences with varying numbers of repeats that can be analyzed using PCR and STR analysis techniques. These methods allow for the identification and comparison of VNTR patterns among individuals, making them valuable tools in genetic research, forensics, and paternity testing.