All methods used to separate a mixture are based on the substances'(1 point) Responses nuclear properties nuclear properties physical properties physical properties chemical properties chemical properties electric properties
physical properties
All methods used to separate a mixture are based on the substances' physical properties.
To determine the correct answer, we need to understand the methods used to separate mixtures.
Separating a mixture involves isolating the individual components (substances) from the mixture. This can be done using various methods based on the physical or chemical properties of the substances.
1. Physical properties: Many separation methods exploit the differences in physical properties such as size, density, solubility, boiling points, magnetic properties, and physical states (solid, liquid, gas) of the substances in the mixture. For example:
- Filtration: separates solid particles from a liquid or gas by passing the mixture through a filter.
- Distillation: separates substances with different boiling points by heating the mixture and collecting the condensed vapors.
- Evaporation: separates a solvent from a dissolved solute by heating the mixture to vaporize the solvent, leaving behind the solute.
- Centrifugation: separates substances based on their varying densities, using centrifugal force.
- Magnetism: separates magnetic substances from non-magnetic substances using a magnet.
2. Chemical properties: Some separation methods take advantage of the chemical properties of substances. For example:
- Precipitation: separates a soluble substance from a solution by adding a reactant that causes the formation of a solid precipitate.
- Extraction: separates substances based on their different solubilities in a particular solvent.
- Chromatography: separates different components of a mixture based on their different affinities for a mobile phase and a stationary phase.
From the given options, it is clear that the correct answer is "physical properties", as separation methods primarily rely on the physical characteristics of the substances in the mixture for effective separation.