Use the model of DNA to answer the question.
Information
The DNA model shows a phosphate group and sugar. The following bases are shown between the phosphate group and sugar: A; T. G; C. C; G. T; A.
Question
How does the structure of DNA allow for the transcription of RNA?
Answer options with 4 options
A.
Covalent bonds bind the bases together to keep the DNA in place while it is transcribed.
B.
Hydrogen bonds between the sugars and bases are broken to allow RNA to be assembled.
C.
Covalent bonds in the sugar phosphate backbone are broken and then reassembled into RNA.
D.
Hydrogen bonds between the complementary base pairs are easily broken to expose the template strand.
D. Hydrogen bonds between the complementary base pairs are easily broken to expose the template strand.
How do bacteria help humans?
Answer options with 4 options
A.
Bacteria are used to control mold.
B.
Bacteria are used to make cheese.
C.
Bacteria are used to reduce erosion.
D.
Bacteria are used to make virus vaccines.
All of the above options are correct.
Bacteria are used to control mold. Certain species of bacteria can inhibit the growth of mold and prevent it from spreading.
Bacteria are used to make cheese. Bacteria are added to milk to ferment it, which produces lactic acid and helps to curdle the milk, leading to the formation of cheese.
Bacteria are used to reduce erosion. Some types of bacteria, such as certain species of cyanobacteria, are able to bind soil particles together, making them useful for preventing erosion and stabilizing soil in areas prone to erosion.
Bacteria are used to make virus vaccines. Bacteria, such as E. coli, are often used in biotechnology to produce proteins that can be used to make vaccines. These proteins are engineered into the bacteria, which act as factories to produce large quantities of the protein for vaccine production.
The correct answer is D. Hydrogen bonds between the complementary base pairs are easily broken to expose the template strand.
The correct answer is D. Hydrogen bonds between the complementary base pairs are easily broken to expose the template strand.
Explanation:
In DNA, hydrogen bonds form between the complementary base pairs: adenine (A) with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) with guanine (G). These hydrogen bonds hold the two strands of DNA together in a double helix structure.
During transcription, which is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template, the DNA strands separate, and one of the strands, called the template strand, is exposed. The hydrogen bonds between the complementary base pairs are easily broken, allowing the RNA polymerase enzyme to access the DNA template.
The RNA polymerase then uses the exposed DNA template to synthesize a complementary RNA molecule. The RNA molecule is assembled using RNA nucleotides that base pair with the template DNA strand: adenine pairs with uracil (U) instead of thymine (T), and cytosine pairs with guanine, just like in DNA.
Once the RNA molecule is synthesized, it detaches from the DNA template, and the DNA strands come back together, reforming the hydrogen bonds between the complementary base pairs. This process allows for the transcription of RNA from the DNA template strand.