if one molecule of glucose undergoes the reaction of glycolysis, what is produced?
If one molecule of glucose undergoes glycolysis, it is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate (also known as pyruvic acid). Additionally, during glycolysis, a net gain of two molecules of ATP and two molecules of NADH is produced.
If one molecule of glucose undergoes the process of glycolysis, the following products are produced:
1. Two molecules of pyruvate: Glucose is split into two molecules of pyruvate through a series of enzymatic reactions in glycolysis.
2. Two molecules of ATP: Glycolysis produces a net gain of two molecules of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the primary energy currency in cells.
3. Two molecules of NADH: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is reduced to NADH by accepting electrons during glycolysis. Two molecules of NADH are produced in the process.
Note that glycolysis also involves several intermediate molecules, such as glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, and 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, among others. However, the main end products are the pyruvate, ATP, and NADH.
Glycolysis is a multi-step metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. This process occurs in the cytoplasm of cells and is the first step in both aerobic respiration and anaerobic fermentation.
During glycolysis, one molecule of glucose (which consists of 6 carbon atoms) is converted into two molecules of pyruvate (each containing 3 carbon atoms), resulting in a net production of two molecules of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and two molecules of NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).
To carry out glycolysis, you can follow these steps:
1. Start with one molecule of glucose (C6H12O6).
2. Glucose is phosphorylated using the enzyme hexokinase, resulting in the formation of glucose-6-phosphate (C6H11O6P).
3. Glucose-6-phosphate is then isomerized into fructose-6-phosphate (C6H11O6P).
4. Fructose-6-phosphate is phosphorylated with the help of the enzyme phosphofructokinase, leading to the formation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (C6H10O6P2).
5. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is cleaved into two three-carbon molecules: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (C3H7O6P) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (C3H7O6P).
6. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is isomerized into another molecule of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, resulting in two identical molecules.
7. Each molecule of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is oxidized and phosphorylated, yielding two molecules of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (C3H7O10P2).
8. 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is converted into two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate (C3H5O7P).
9. Each molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate is rearranged to form two molecules of 2-phosphoglycerate (C3H5O6P).
10. 2-phosphoglycerate is transformed into two molecules of phosphoenolpyruvate (C3H3O5P).
11. Phosphoenolpyruvate is dephosphorylated, leading to the formation of two molecules of pyruvate (C3H4O3).
12. Finally, in this process, four ATP molecules are formed. However, two ATP molecules are used initially in steps 1 and 3, resulting in a net gain of two ATP molecules.
In summary, when one molecule of glucose undergoes the reaction of glycolysis, it produces two molecules of pyruvate, two molecules of ATP, and two molecules of NADH.