Predict the relative strength of each of the following groups
HClo4,CH3CooH,HNo3 and HCl
To predict the relative strength of each of the given groups, we will consider the acidity of the corresponding conjugate bases. The stronger the acid, the weaker its conjugate base will be.
1. HClO4 (perchloric acid): This is a strong acid, meaning it completely ionizes in water to produce H+ ions. Therefore, its conjugate base, ClO4-, is extremely weak. It is a stable and non-reactive ion.
2. CH3COOH (acetic acid): This is a weak acid, meaning it only partially ionizes in water. It donates a proton to the water to form H3O+ and the acetate ion, CH3COO-. Acetate is a relatively weak base.
3. HNO3 (nitric acid): This is also a strong acid that ionizes completely in water to produce H+ ions. Thus, its conjugate base, NO3-, is weak and stable.
4. HCl (hydrochloric acid): Similar to HClO4 and HNO3, HCl is a strong acid that fully ionizes in water to produce H+ ions. Consequently, its conjugate base, Cl-, is weak.
In summary, the relative strengths of the given groups, based on the strength of their conjugate bases, can be ranked from weakest to strongest as follows:
1. CH3COOH
2. Cl-
3. NO3-
4. ClO4-
To predict the relative strengths of the given groups of compounds, we need to consider their acidity. Acidity is determined by the ability of a compound to donate a proton (H+ ion). Generally, compounds with a more stable conjugate base are stronger acids. Here is the predicted relative strength of each compound:
1. HCl (Hydrochloric acid): HCl is a strong acid because it completely dissociates into H+ and Cl- ions in water. It has a high propensity to donate H+, making it a strong acid.
2. HNO3 (Nitric acid): Like HCl, nitric acid is also a strong acid as it dissociates completely in water to produce H+ and NO3- ions. Therefore, it is also a strong acid.
3. HClO4 (Perchloric acid): Perchloric acid is also a strong acid, which completely dissociates in water to produce H+ and ClO4- ions. It is stronger than both HCl and HNO3.
4. CH3COOH (Acetic acid): Acetic acid is a weak acid. It partially dissociates into H+ and CH3COO- ions in water. It does not fully ionize, which makes it a weaker acid compared to the previous three compounds.
To summarize, the predicted relative strength of the given compounds is:
HClO4 > HCl > HNO3 > CH3COOH
To predict the relative strength of acid groups, we need to consider the concept of acidity and the factors affecting it. The strength of an acid depends on its ability to donate a proton (H+ ion) to a base. Here, we have four acid groups: HClo4, CH3CooH, HNo3, and HCl. To compare their relative strengths, we need to evaluate the factors that influence acidity.
1. Electronegativity: The more electronegative an atom is, the more stable it is with a negative charge. Thus, a highly electronegative atom will be more likely to donate a proton.
2. Atom size: Larger atoms have a weaker hold on their outermost electrons, making it easier to donate a proton.
With these factors in mind, let's analyze each acid group:
1. HClo4 (Perchloric acid): This acid consists of a highly electronegative atom (Cl) bonded to several oxygen atoms. The electronegativity of Cl, combined with the strength of the Cl-O bond, makes HClo4 a strong acid.
2. CH3CooH (Acetic acid): Acetic acid consists of a carbon atom bonded to two oxygen atoms, one of which is attached to the CH3 group. Carbon is less electronegative than chlorine in HClo4, making CH3CooH a weaker acid. However, the presence of the oxygen atom still allows it to donate protons.
3. HNo3 (Nitric acid): Nitric acid contains a highly electronegative atom, nitrogen (N), bonded to three oxygen atoms. Nitrogen is more electronegative than carbon but less electronegative than chlorine. Therefore, HNo3 is expected to be a moderately strong acid.
4. HCl (Hydrochloric acid): Hydrochloric acid consists of the highly electronegative atom chlorine bonded to hydrogen. Since chlorine is the most electronegative atom among the four acid groups, HCl is expected to be the strongest acid.
In summary, the relative strengths of the acid groups from strongest to weakest are: HCl > HClo4 > HNo3 > CH3CooH.