Which of the following statements best describes the philosophy of the Roman statesman Cicero?
(1 point)
Responses
Men are not angels, so we need government.
Men are not angels, so we need government.
Power corrupts good men.
Power corrupts good men.
The ends of justice are that no man should suffer wrong.
The ends of justice are that no man should suffer wrong.
The safety of the state is the highest law.
The safety of the state is the highest law.
Which statement best describes the importance of the Magna Carta to American ideas of government?
(1 point)
Responses
British judges should hold judicial power.
British judges should hold judicial power.
Even the king must respect certain rights of the people.
Even the king must respect certain rights of the people.
Federalism is the best form of government.
Federalism is the best form of government.
Parliament should have the power to determine tax rates.
Parliament should have the power to determine tax rates.
Even the king must respect certain rights of the people.
What is the belief that a higher law, superior to any human-made law, exists?
(1 point)
Responses
common law
common law
constitutional law
constitutional law
natural law
natural law
statutory law
natural law
What did the British Parliament believe was the purpose of the English Bill of Rights?
(1 point)
Responses
The document would explain what the Magna Carta was for.
The document would explain what the Magna Carta was for.
The document would give British nobles rights to overthrow their king.
The document would give British nobles rights to overthrow their king.
Parliament was listing the rights that people already had.
Parliament was listing the rights that people already had.
Parliament was asking the people to vote on which rights to grant.
Parliament was listing the rights that people already had.
Explain how the Enlightenment influenced the founders. Include a definition of the Enlightenment, specific ideas, people, and how the Founders incorporated those ideas into founding documents and/or principles of government.
The Enlightenment was a philosophical and intellectual movement that took place in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries. It emphasized reason, individualism, skepticism towards traditional authority, and a belief in progress and human potential. The Enlightenment thinkers sought to apply scientific methods and reasoning to all aspects of life, including politics and governance.
Some key ideas of the Enlightenment that influenced the Founders of the United States included:
1. Natural Rights: Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke proposed the concept of natural rights, which were inherent and unalienable rights that every individual possessed simply by virtue of being human. These rights included life, liberty, and property. The Founders adopted this idea and included it in the Declaration of Independence, asserting that all men are created equal and endowed with certain unalienable rights.
2. Social Contract: Enlightenment philosophers, particularly Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, developed the idea of a social contract between the government and the governed. According to this concept, individuals agree to give up certain freedoms and submit to the authority of a government in exchange for protection of their rights and well-being. The Founders incorporated this idea into the Constitution, establishing a system of government that derived its powers from the consent of the governed.
3. Separation of Powers: Enlightenment philosopher Montesquieu argued for a separation of powers within a government to prevent its corruption and abuse of power. This idea influenced the Founders' creation of three separate branches of government with distinct powers and responsibilities, as outlined in the Constitution.
4. Religious and Intellectual Freedom: Enlightenment thinkers advocated for freedom of thought, expression, and religion. Founders like Thomas Jefferson, influenced by thinkers such as John Locke, incorporated these principles into the First Amendment of the Constitution, protecting freedom of speech, religion, and the press.
5. Limited Government: The Enlightenment challenged the divine right of kings and absolute monarchy, promoting the idea of limited government and checks on governmental power. The Founders were influenced by these ideas and designed a system of government with checks and balances, ensuring that no single branch of government would have excessive power.
Key Enlightenment thinkers who influenced the Founders include John Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau, and Voltaire. The Founders studied their works and incorporated their ideas into the founding documents and principles of the American government. The Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights reflect these Enlightenment ideals and continue to serve as the foundation of American democracy.
Which explains an influence of the Albany Plan of Union?
(1 point)
Responses
It encouraged the colonists to immediately break free from England.
It encouraged the colonists to immediately break free from England.
It helped provide inspiration for the Founders when they set up the United States government.
It helped provide inspiration for the Founders when they set up the United States government.
It allowed the colonists to make peace with the French after the French and Indian War.
It allowed the colonists to make peace with the French after the French and Indian War.
It gave specific backing to the reasons that the Founders issued the Declaration of Independence.