What is happening at School Age Stage in the learner's life according to Erikson
According to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the School Age Stage occurs between the ages of 6 and 12 years. During this stage, children are typically in elementary school and are focused on developing various competencies and skills.
At the School Age Stage, children are faced with the psychosocial crisis of industry versus inferiority. The primary challenge during this stage is for children to develop a sense of competence in various academic, social, and physical activities. They begin to compare themselves to others and seek approval from their peers and teachers.
If children are successful in meeting these challenges and developing a sense of industry, they will feel a sense of accomplishment, confidence, and competence in their abilities. They will develop positive self-esteem and a belief in their own capabilities.
However, if children experience repeated failure or criticism during this stage, they may develop feelings of inferiority, low self-esteem, and a lack of confidence in their abilities. They may become discouraged and have difficulty in developing a positive sense of self.
During the School Age Stage, children also begin to form relationships with peers and establish their social identity within a group. They may become more independent and develop a sense of responsibility for their actions. They may also develop a sense of loyalty to their school, community, or sports teams.
In summary, the School Age Stage is a critical period for children's development of skills, competencies, and social relationships. It plays a significant role in shaping their self-esteem, confidence, and overall identity.
According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the School Age Stage occurs between the ages of 6 and 12. At this stage, children are primarily focused on developing competence in their academic and social abilities. Here are the key aspects of this stage:
1. Industry vs. Inferiority: Children strive to gain a sense of accomplishment and competence in areas such as academics, sports, and other activities. Success in these areas helps them develop a positive self-image and feelings of industry. However, if they experience repeated failures, they may develop feelings of inferiority and inadequacy.
2. Peer Relationships: School-age children start to develop strong friendships and social connections outside of their family. Peer relationships become increasingly important, and children engage in group activities, play, and mutual support. Being accepted and fitting in with peers contributes to their overall social development.
3. Cognitive Development: During this stage, children continue to expand their cognitive abilities. They become more competent in problem-solving, critical thinking, and logical reasoning. They are also able to think about past events, make more independent decisions, and understand others' perspectives.
4. School and Learning: School becomes a prominent part of a child's life during this stage. They learn to adapt to the structure and demands of the education system, acquire knowledge and skills across various subjects, and engage in extracurricular activities. Success in academics and extracurriculars plays a significant role in shaping their self-esteem and identity.
5. Gender Identity: In this stage, children further develop their gender identity and understand gender roles. They become aware of societal expectations regarding how males and females should behave and may exhibit more stereotypical behaviors.
Overall, the School Age Stage is marked by the development of social relationships, cognitive growth, and a focus on acquiring knowledge and skills. Positive experiences during this stage contribute to a healthy sense of confidence and competence, while negative experiences can lead to feelings of inferiority and impact their future development.