which of the following is a true statement about abstractions

abstractions only exist in computers
abstraction always simplify the process of solving malfunctioning systems
abstractions are easy to create but challenging to use
abstractions are common in many complex systems

abstractions are common in many complex systems

The true statement about abstractions is that "abstractions are common in many complex systems."

The correct answer is: "Abstractions are common in many complex systems."

To determine the true statement about abstractions, we can analyze each option:

1. "Abstractions only exist in computers": This statement is false. Abstractions are not limited to computers but can also exist in various fields, such as mathematics, engineering, and art.

2. "Abstraction always simplifies the process of solving malfunctioning systems": This statement is false. While abstractions can simplify complex systems, they do not always simplify the process of solving malfunctioning systems. In some cases, abstractions can introduce additional complexity when troubleshooting or debugging.

3. "Abstractions are easy to create but challenging to use": This statement is subjective and does not represent a universal truth. The ease of creating and using abstractions depends on various factors, including the complexity of the system, the expertise of the person creating and using the abstraction, and the context in which it is applied.

4. "Abstractions are common in many complex systems": This statement is true. Abstractions are often utilized in complex systems to manage complexity, improve efficiency, and enable higher-level thinking. They provide a simplified representation or model of the system, hiding unnecessary details and allowing users to interact with the system at a higher level of abstraction.

Based on the analysis above, option 4, "Abstractions are common in many complex systems," is the true statement about abstractions.