where should early humans settle for the best chances of survial
Early humans should settle in areas that provide them with access to essential resources for survival. Here are some factors to consider:
1. Water: Settlements near reliable water sources such as rivers, lakes, or springs are crucial for survival. Access to clean drinking water, fishing, and irrigation for agriculture is essential.
2. Food: Areas abundant in food sources like fertile land for agriculture, forests for hunting and gathering, or coastlines for fishing and shellfish collection are ideal for settlement.
3. Climate: Areas with moderate climates, where extreme heat or cold is not a constant challenge, are more suitable. Mild seasons allow for better food production and easier adaptability.
4. Shelter: Areas with natural features like caves or cliffs can provide shelter from the elements, while forests and woods can offer building materials.
5. Natural resources: Settling near areas rich in natural resources such as stone, wood, clay, or metals can facilitate tool-making, construction, and other necessities.
6. Security: Settlements in defensible locations, such as elevated areas or surrounded by natural barriers like mountains or rivers, provide protection against predators or other human groups.
7. Social networks: Settling near other early human groups can benefit survival through cooperation, knowledge sharing, and defense against threats.
It's important to keep in mind that early humans were highly mobile, moving across landscapes in search of resources, so settlement locations were not permanent and could change according to availability and other factors.
where
Early humans settled in various locations across the globe, primarily based on the factors mentioned earlier. Here are a few examples:
1. River Valleys: Many settlements emerged along river valleys such as the Nile in Egypt, the Tigris and Euphrates in Mesopotamia, the Indus in the Indian subcontinent, and the Yangtze in China. These rivers provided fertile land for farming, transportation, access to water, and a consistent food supply.
2. Coastlines: Coastal areas offered access to marine resources like fish, shellfish, and seaweed. Settlements along coastlines were common in regions like the Mediterranean, the Pacific Islands, and South America.
3. Plains and Grasslands: Areas with vast open grasslands and plains, like the Great Plains in North America and the Serengeti in Africa, provided opportunities for hunting large game animals and gathering plant resources.
4. Highlands and Plateaus: Some early humans settled in highlands and plateaus, like the Andes in South America or the Ethiopian Highlands in Africa. These locations offered good defense against enemies and access to resources like fertile soil, grazing lands, and mineral deposits.
5. Forested Areas: Forests provided a diverse range of resources, including game for hunting, wild fruits and nuts, medicinal plants, and materials for shelter construction. Examples of settlements in forested regions include the Amazon rainforest in South America and the Taiga in Russia.
Keep in mind that these are just a few examples, and early humans settled in various environments around the world, adapting to their surroundings and making use of available resources for survival.
Approximately how long did it take early humans to migrate around the world
The migration of early humans around the world occurred over a considerable span of time. It began with the dispersal of erectus out of Africa around 1.9 million years ago, and the subsequent waves of migration by other hominin species, including neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens.
The exact timeline and duration of these migrations are still topics of ongoing research and debate among scientists, as archaeological and genetic evidence continues to be discovered and analyzed. However, based on our current understanding:
1. Out of Africa: The earliest migration of early humans out of Africa by erectus began around 1.9 million years ago and continued over many generations. This dispersal resulted in populations settling in Eurasia and reaching parts of Southeast Asia by around 1.8 million years ago.
2. Neanderthals: Neanderthals, a closely related species to Homo sapiens, occupied much of Europe and parts of Western Asia from around 400,000 years ago. They were primarily adapted to cold climates and survived in these regions for several hundreds of thousands of years.
3. Homo sapiens: Modern humans, Homo sapiens, are believed to have originated in Africa around 300,000 to 200,000 years ago. Their migration out of Africa began around 70,000 to 60,000 years ago, with the first wave reaching the Middle East and eventually spreading into Asia, Europe, and Oceania. This process continued over tens of thousands of years, populating the Earth's various regions.
It is important to note that these dates are approximate, and new discoveries and studies may change our understanding of early human migration. The migration and settlement patterns of early humans were complex and multifaceted, shaped by a combination of ecological, climatic, and cultural factors.
so how long in years
The timeline for early human migration is measured in hundreds of thousands of years. Here is a rough estimate based on current scientific understanding:
1. erectus: Migration of erectus out of Africa began around 1.9 million years ago and continued over many generations until approximately 500,000 years ago. This means the migration took place over a span of about 1.4 million years.
2. Neanderthals: Neanderthals inhabited much of Europe and parts of Western Asia from around 400,000 years ago until approximately 40,000 years ago. Their presence in these regions lasted for about 360,000 years.
3. Homo sapiens: Modern humans, Homo sapiens, originated in Africa roughly 300,000 to 200,000 years ago. The migration of Homo sapiens out of Africa began around 70,000 to 60,000 years ago and continued for thousands of years as they populated different regions of the world. So far, this ongoing migration has spanned around 60,000 years.
It's important to note that these estimates are based on current knowledge and may be revised as new evidence emerges. The timeline for early human migration is complex and involved multiple waves of movement over an extensive period of time.
how long did it take humans to migrate over the world
The migration of Homo sapiens (modern humans) across the world took place over tens of thousands of years.
The earliest migrations out of Africa are estimated to have started around 70,000 to 60,000 years ago. This initial wave of migration is believed to have reached the Middle East and then spread into different regions of Asia and Europe.
Further migrations continued over time, with humans gradually populating different parts of the world. For instance, humans reached Australia around 65,000 years ago, Europe around 45,000 years ago, and the Americas around 20,000 years ago (though the exact dates can vary depending on archaeological findings and interpretations).
The pace of migration varied depending on factors such as geographical obstacles and the availability of resources. Human populations adapted to different environments and climates, creating unique cultures and civilizations along the way.
Overall, it is estimated that the process of human migration and settlement around the world took several tens of thousands of years. It is important to note that these estimates are based on current scientific understanding and may be refined as new discoveries and research emerge.