Which element has atoms with valence electrons in a higher energy level than those of calcium (Ca)?
Responses
bromine (Br)
oxygen (O)
cesium (Cs)
lithium (Li)
The element that has atoms with valence electrons in a higher energy level than those of calcium (Ca) is cesium (Cs).
To determine which element has atoms with valence electrons in a higher energy level than those of calcium (Ca), we need to look at the position of the elements in the periodic table.
Calcium (Ca) is located in Group 2 (or Group IIA) of the periodic table. In the modern periodic table, Group 2 elements have two valence electrons in their outermost energy level.
Now let's compare calcium (Ca) to the given elements:
1. Bromine (Br) is located in Group 17 (or Group VIIA) of the periodic table. Group 17 elements, also known as halogens, have seven valence electrons in their outermost energy level. Therefore, bromine (Br) has valence electrons in a higher energy level than calcium (Ca).
2. Oxygen (O) is located in Group 16 (or Group VIA) of the periodic table. Group 16 elements have six valence electrons in their outermost energy level. Oxygen (O) does not have valence electrons in a higher energy level than calcium (Ca).
3. Cesium (Cs) is located in Group 1 (or Group IA) of the periodic table. Group 1 elements, also known as alkali metals, have one valence electron in their outermost energy level. Therefore, cesium (Cs) does not have valence electrons in a higher energy level than calcium (Ca).
4. Lithium (Li) is located in Group 1 (or Group IA) of the periodic table. Like cesium, lithium (Li) also has one valence electron in its outermost energy level. Therefore, lithium (Li) does not have valence electrons in a higher energy level than calcium (Ca).
Based on this analysis, the element with atoms having valence electrons in a higher energy level than those of calcium (Ca) is bromine (Br).