When energy is conserved or transferred, some energy becomes unavailable to do useful work. What happened to the unavailable energy?

It is conducted.
It is completely destroyed.
It is given off as heat.
It is given off as microwaves.

The unavailable energy is given off as heat.

When energy is conserved or transferred, some energy becomes unavailable to do useful work. This is due to the second law of thermodynamics, which states that in any energy transfer or transformation, some energy is always lost as heat. Therefore, the unavailable energy is given off as heat. It is not completely destroyed or given off as microwaves.