1)Where does the detoxification of ammonia take place in mammals.
2)Name the causitive organism of the following;
i)Malaria
ii)Bilharzia
3)Why is the liver part of the digestive system.
4)State the importance of cytoplasmic filaments in sieve tube elements
5)State any two characteristics of populations
6)Describe any two functions of mitosis
7)What are the external conditions needed,by root hair cells for the uptake of mineral salts ions from soil
8)State the significance of short food chains in an ecosystem
9)Suggest two reasons for the appearance of glucose in the urine of a man
10)State the source of carbon(iv)oxide in aquatic ecosystem.
11)State the importance of carbon(iv)oxide to aquatic ecosystem.
12)Outline 2 functions of parenchyma cells in herbaceous plants
1) The detoxification of ammonia takes place in the liver in mammals.
2)
i) The causative organism of Malaria is the Plasmodium parasite.
ii) The causative organism of Bilharzia (also known as Schistosomiasis) is the Schistosoma parasite.
3) The liver is part of the digestive system because it plays a key role in the digestion, absorption, and metabolism of nutrients. It produces bile, which aids in the digestion and absorption of fats, and it stores and releases glucose for energy. The liver also detoxifies harmful substances and metabolizes drugs.
4) Cytoplasmic filaments in sieve tube elements help maintain the structure and stability of these cells. They also facilitate and control the movement of sugars and other organic molecules from one sieve tube element to another, allowing for the transport of nutrients throughout the plant.
5) Two characteristics of populations are:
- Size: The number of individuals in a population.
- Density: The number of individuals per unit area or volume.
6) Two functions of mitosis are:
- Growth and development: Mitosis allows for the proliferation and expansion of cells, promoting overall growth and development of organisms.
- Tissue repair and regeneration: Mitosis is responsible for replacing damaged or worn-out cells in tissues, aiding in the repair and regeneration of tissues.
7) Root hair cells require external conditions such as:
- Moisture: Root hair cells need water in the soil to facilitate the uptake of mineral salts ions through osmosis.
- Adequate oxygen: Root hair cells require oxygen for cellular respiration, which is necessary for the active transport of mineral salts ions across the root membrane.
8) Short food chains are significant in an ecosystem because they promote energy efficiency and stability. With shorter food chains, there is less energy loss as it is efficiently transferred from one trophic level to another. Additionally, shorter food chains reduce the dependency on specific species, making the ecosystem less vulnerable to disturbances or extinctions.
9) Glucose in the urine of a man can appear due to two reasons:
- High blood sugar levels: If a person has diabetes or other conditions that affect insulin regulation, they may have elevated blood sugar levels, resulting in glucose appearing in the urine.
- Kidney dysfunction: If the kidneys are not functioning properly, they may not reabsorb glucose efficiently, leading to its appearance in the urine.
10) The main source of carbon(iv)oxide in an aquatic ecosystem is the respiration of aquatic organisms. This includes the release of carbon(iv)oxide by plants during cellular respiration as well as by aquatic animals.
11) Carbon(iv)oxide is important to an aquatic ecosystem as it is a necessary raw material for photosynthesis in aquatic plants. Photosynthesis by these plants helps to produce oxygen and provide energy-rich organic compounds, forming the basis of the food web in the ecosystem.
12) Two functions of parenchyma cells in herbaceous plants are:
- Storage: Parenchyma cells often contain large central vacuoles that can store water, nutrients, and other important substances.
- Photosynthesis: Parenchyma cells present in leaves and stems contain chloroplasts and are responsible for carrying out photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy-rich organic compounds.
1) The detoxification of ammonia takes place primarily in the liver of mammals.
2) a) The causative organism of malaria is Plasmodium.
b) The causative organism of Bilharzia (also known as schistosomiasis) is a parasitic genus called Schistosoma.
3) The liver is part of the digestive system because it plays a crucial role in metabolizing nutrients absorbed from the intestines. It produces bile that helps in the digestion and absorption of fats, detoxifies harmful substances, and stores glycogen for energy storage.
4) Cytoplasmic filaments in sieve tube elements are important for maintaining the structure and function of these specialized cells in the phloem of plants. They provide mechanical support and aid in the movement of sugars and other metabolites through the plant.
5) Two characteristics of populations are:
a) Population size - the number of individuals in a population.
b) Population density - the number of individuals per unit area or volume.
6) Two functions of mitosis are:
a) Growth and development - mitosis is responsible for the division and replenishing of cells during growth and development.
b) Tissue repair - damaged tissues can be repaired through mitosis by producing new cells to replace the damaged ones.
7) Root hair cells require external conditions such as:
a) Moist soil - root hair cells need water present in the soil for the uptake of mineral salts.
b) Oxygen - root hair cells require oxygen for cellular respiration, which is vital for the uptake and transport of mineral salts ions.
8) Short food chains in an ecosystem are significant because they are more efficient in transferring energy and nutrients. With fewer steps between producers and consumers, there is less energy loss, resulting in a more efficient flow of energy through the food web. Short food chains also provide greater stability to the ecosystem as they are less susceptible to disruptions compared to longer food chains.
9) Glucose appearing in urine may indicate two reasons:
a) High blood sugar (hyperglycemia) - when the level of glucose in the blood exceeds the kidney's reabsorption capacity, it is excreted in the urine.
b) Diabetes - diabetes can cause the body to lose the ability to regulate blood glucose levels, leading to glucose appearing in the urine.
10) The source of carbon dioxide (CO2) in aquatic ecosystems can be from various processes, including respiration by aquatic organisms, decomposition of organic matter, and diffusion from the atmosphere.
11) Carbon dioxide is important to the aquatic ecosystem because it is an essential nutrient for photosynthetic organisms, such as algae and aquatic plants. These organisms use carbon dioxide during photosynthesis to produce organic materials and oxygen, contributing to the overall productivity and balance of the ecosystem.
12) Two functions of parenchyma cells in herbaceous plants include:
a) Storage - parenchyma cells can store various substances, such as water, starch, oils, and pigments.
b) Photosynthesis - some parenchyma cells in leaves and stems contain chloroplasts and can perform photosynthesis, producing energy-rich molecules for the plant.