What is the critical difference between a simultaneous lineup and a sequential lineup?
a.
Sequential lineups require relative judgments.
b.
Simultaneous lineups typically include more foils.
c.
Sequential lineups typically involve biased instructions.
d.
Sequential lineups require absolute judgments.
e.
Simultaneous lineups require absolute judgments.
D. Sequential lineups require absolute judgments, while simultaneous lineups require relative judgments. In a simultaneous lineup, all the choices are presented at once, allowing the witness to make a comparative judgment. In a sequential lineup, the choices are presented one at a time, and the witness must make an absolute judgment on each individual before moving on to the next option. This reduces the likelihood of false identifications and increases the accuracy of the witness's identification.
The critical difference between a simultaneous lineup and a sequential lineup is the way in which the lineup is presented to the witness.
In a simultaneous lineup, all the potential suspects (including the suspect and foils) are presented to the witness at the same time. The witness then has to make a relative judgment and identify the person they believe is the perpetrator from the group presented.
On the other hand, in a sequential lineup, the potential suspects are presented to the witness one at a time. The witness must make an absolute judgment, determining whether each individual presented is the perpetrator before moving on to the next person. Sequential lineups are typically designed to reduce the likelihood of the witness making a relative judgment by comparing the individuals in the lineup to one another.
Therefore, the correct answer is: d. Sequential lineups require absolute judgments.