_____ is the range of chemical and physical conditions that must be maintained for a population of a particular species to survive and reproduce.

range of tolerance
zone of intolerance
optimum range
zone of physiological stress

range of tolerance

The correct answer is "range of tolerance." The range of tolerance refers to the set of chemical and physical conditions within which a population of a particular species can survive and reproduce. It includes both the upper and lower limits of conditions such as temperature, pH levels, nutrient availability, and others that can affect the species' ability to thrive.