what does the term “fair-use exception” mean?

1. to use only material that has never been published

2. the ability to use material made by others for educational purposes

3. an exception to copyright restrictions for images only

4. Education material is no longer under copyright

2. the ability to use material made by others for educational purposes

The term "fair-use exception" refers to option 2: the ability to use material made by others for educational purposes. Fair use is a legal doctrine that allows for the limited use of copyrighted material without permission from the copyright owner, typically for purposes such as criticism, commentary, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research. It provides flexibility in copyright law to balance the rights of the copyright holder with the rights of users to freely use copyrighted material in certain circumstances.