Explain in detail the role of π, β, and π in the equation π¦ = π(π₯ β β)^2 + π. You
may use words, numerical examples, and sketches to support your explanation.
In the equation π¦ = π(π₯ β β)^2 + π, π, β, and π are constants that affect the shape, position, and orientation of the parabolic curve.
- π: The parameter π determines the shape of the parabola. Specifically, it determines whether the parabola opens upwards (π > 0) or downwards (π < 0) and how wide or narrow the curve is. Larger values of π lead to steeper and skinnier curves, while smaller values of π lead to flatter and wider curves. For example, if π = 1, the resulting parabola would look like a "U", whereas if π = -1, the parabola would look like an upside-down "U".
- β: The value of β corresponds to the x-coordinate of the vertex of the parabolic curve. The vertex represents the highest or lowest point on the curve, depending on whether the parabola opens upwards or downwards. If β > 0, the vertex is shifted to the right, and if β < 0, the vertex is shifted to the left. For example, if β = 2, the vertex would be located at x = 2.
- π: The parameter π determines the height of the parabola, or where the curve intersects with the y-axis. If π > 0, the parabola is shifted upwards from its original position, and if π < 0, the parabola is shifted downwards. For example, if π = 3, the parabola would intersect the y-axis at y = 3.
To illustrate the effect of these parameters visually, consider the following examples:
Example 1: π¦ = -2(π₯ - 3)^2 + 5
Here, π = -2, β = 3, and π = 5. The negative value of π means that the parabola opens downwards, and the absolute value of π = 2 indicates that the curve is relatively narrow. The vertex is located at (3, 5), and since π > 0, the parabola is shifted upwards by 5 units. The resulting graph looks like:
![example1](https://i.imgur.com/hdcBvu2.png)
Example 2: π¦ = 0.5(π₯ + 1)^2 - 2
Here, π = 0.5, β = -1, and π = -2. The positive value of π indicates that the parabola opens upwards, and the small value of π = 0.5 indicates that the curve is relatively wide. The vertex is located at (-1, -2), and since π < 0, the parabola is shifted downwards by 2 units. The resulting graph looks like:
![example2](https://i.imgur.com/cQUEgqN.png)
In the equation π¦ = π(π₯ β β)^2 + π, π, β, and π are all constants that affect the shape and position of the graph of the equation.
1. π (the coefficient of the quadratic term):
- The value of π determines the amount of "stretch" or "compression" of the parabola.
- When π > 0, the parabola opens upward. The larger the value of π, the narrower the parabola becomes.
- When π < 0, the parabola opens downward. The magnitude of π determines the width of the parabola.
- If π = 1, the parabola keeps its standard shape.
- If π > 1, the parabola is stretched vertically.
- If 0 < π < 1, the parabola is compressed vertically.
Example: Let's take π¦ = 2(π₯ - 1)^2 + 3 as an example. Since π = 2, the parabola opens upward and is relatively narrow.
2. β (the x-coordinate of the vertex):
- β determines the horizontal shift of the parabola.
- When β > 0, the parabola shifts β units to the right.
- When β < 0, the parabola shifts β units to the left.
Example: Continuing from the previous example, if we change β from 1 to 3 in π¦ = 2(π₯ - 1)^2 + 3, the vertex of the parabola will shift two units to the right.
3. π (the y-coordinate of the vertex):
- π determines the vertical shift of the parabola.
- When π > 0, the parabola shifts π units upward.
- When π < 0, the parabola shifts π units downward.
Example: Let's take π¦ = 2(π₯ - 1)^2 + 3 as an example again. Since π = 3, the vertex of the parabola is located at (1, 3), which means it shifts three units upward.
Overall, changing the values of π, β, and π in the equation π¦ = π(π₯ β β)^2 + π affects the shape, position, and orientation of the parabola.