Discuss all the stem
modifications that allow plants to adapt to the limiting and damaging conditions in Savanah biome. Name each modification and discuss its adaptive features
The Savannah biome is characterized by dry and hot conditions with limited rainfall, which poses great challenges to plant growth and survival. However, plants in the Savannah biome have adapted several stem modifications that allow them to survive in such challenging conditions. Below are some of the stem modifications and their adaptive features:
1. Succulent stem: This is a stem modification that allows plants to store water in the stem, which is vital during drought conditions. The stem is fleshy and thickened, enabling it to store large amounts of water for extended periods. Cacti and some succulent plants are examples of plants with succulent stems, which allow them to survive in arid conditions.
2. Rhizomatous stem: This is a stem modification that allows plants to spread out horizontally underground, producing roots and shoots along the way. The rhizomes store carbohydrates and water, allowing the plant to regenerate after fire damage or grazing by herbivores. Examples of plants with rhizomatous stems include grasses and bamboo.
3. Thorny stem: Thorny stems are adaptations against herbivory and help protect plants from being eaten by animals. The thorns deter animals from feeding on the plant, allowing it to survive and reproduce. Plants such as acacia trees have thorny stems, which protect them from herbivores.
4. Lenticular stem: This is a stem modification found in some succulent plants that allows them to absorb and store water from dew or mist. The stem is flattened and covered with small bumps that trap water droplets, which are then absorbed by the plant. This adaptation allows plants to survive in areas with limited rainfall and high evaporation rates.
5. Tuberous stem: This is a stem modification where the stem swells and stores nutrients for the plant during drought or cold periods. The tuberous stem also serves as a food reserve for the plant during hard times. Potato plants are an example of plants with tuberous stems.
In conclusion, the stem modifications discussed above are essential to plant adaptation in the Savannah biome. These modifications allow plants to survive in harsh conditions, store water and nutrients, and protect themselves from herbivores. These adaptations are crucial in ensuring the survival of plant species in the Savannah biome.