11. Which of the following statements about flood mitigation is true?
A. It is cheaper to pay for repairs after flooding has occurred than to fund flood mitigation projects.
B. It costs roughly the same to fund flood mitigation projects as paying for repairs after flooding has occurred.
C. It is cheaper to fund flood mitigation projects than to pay for repairs after flooding has occurred.
D. Minimal research has been done comparing the costs of funding flood mitigation projects to the cost of repairs after flooding has occurred.
12. Which is one reason for the formation of global winds?
A. condensing of moisture in cooling air
B. loss of energy as warm air rises
C. uneven heating of Earth’s surface
D. fewer daylight hours in Arctic regions
13. Which statement best describes how the availability of minerals affects human activity?
A. Humans tend to migrate toward areas with plentiful mineral resources.
B. Humans tend to seek out the rarest minerals for the greatest economic benefit.
C. Humans must find new mining areas in order to protect the environment.
D. Humans must depend on the mineral resources that are easy to access.
14. Which statement best describes trends in safety in underground and surface mining in the United States?
A. Underground mining has lower rates of fatal and nonfatal injuries than surface mining.
B. Injury rates for both underground and surface mining have decreased over the past four decades.
C. Fatal injury rates are higher for surface mining than for underground mining.
D. Injury rates for both underground and surface mining decreased in the 1900s but rose sharply in the last decade
15. Which factors increase the heat absorbed by a land surface? Select the two correct answers.
A. removing plants
B. removing snow
C. becoming paler
D. becoming smoother
E. becoming wetter
16. Which of the following steps was necessary for the formation of all fossil fuels?
A. The remains of plants and animals are buried at the bottom of swamps.
B. The remains of plants and animals are buried at the bottom of oceans.
C. Heat and pressure build up on top of decaying matter.
D. Carbon bonds break, producing methane gas.
18. Which of the following are ways warming temperatures contribute to rising sea levels? Select the two correct answers.
A. Sea ice melts.
B. Continental snow and ice melt.
C. Rainfall increases.
D. Water expands as it warms.
19. What effects does burning fossil fuels have on the atmosphere? Select the two correct answers
A. increases the availability of sulfur dioxide for plants
B. increases air quality in areas far away from power plants
C. increases air quality in areas far away from power plants
D. increases levels of particulate matter
E. increases levels of gases that retain the sun's heat
20. How does the ozone layer in the stratosphere vary on Earth?
A. Levels are higher near Antarctica than near the Arctic.
B. Levels are higher in middle latitudes than near the equator.
C. Levels are higher near the equator than near the poles.
D. Levels do not vary between the poles, middle latitudes, and equator.
21. A town develops green space on top of an apartment building. This provides a relaxing place for the renters while also allowing the owners to charge higher rents. Which benefits of green space does this situation provide?
A. economic and environmental
B. environmental and health
C. environmental, health, and economic
D. health and economic
22. Which statement is true about the water treatment process?
A. It causes sediment to accumulate in surface water.
B. It removes contaminants from groundwater only.
C. It removes biological, chemical, and physical contaminants.
D. It generates solid waste that is disposed of back into the water supply.
11. C. It is cheaper to fund flood mitigation projects than to pay for repairs after flooding has occurred.
12. C. uneven heating of Earth’s surface
13. A. Humans tend to migrate toward areas with plentiful mineral resources.
14. B. Injury rates for both underground and surface mining have decreased over the past four decades.
15. A. removing plants and B. removing snow
16. A. The remains of plants and animals are buried at the bottom of swamps.
18. A. Sea ice melts and B. Continental snow and ice melt.
19. D. increases levels of particulate matter and E. increases levels of gases that retain the sun's heat
20. C. Levels are higher near the equator than near the poles.
21. D. health and economic
22. C. It removes biological, chemical, and physical contaminants.