How does HIV and AIDS affect human beings?
HIV and AIDS affect human beings in several ways:
1. Weakening of the immune system: HIV attacks the immune system cells called CD4 cells, which are responsible for fighting infections. Over time, the virus destroys these cells, making it difficult for the body to fight infections and diseases.
2. Opportunistic infections: With a weakened immune system, people living with HIV are more susceptible to a range of infections and diseases that are not usually harmful to people with healthy immune systems. These infections are called opportunistic infections and can lead to serious illnesses and even death.
3. Chronic illnesses: HIV-positive individuals are also at risk for developing chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and cancer.
4. Stigma and discrimination: HIV-related stigma and discrimination can have a significant impact on the emotional well-being of individuals living with the disease, leading to social isolation, depression, and anxiety.
5. Treatment side effects: While antiretroviral therapy (ART) can suppress the virus and help people living with HIV to lead long and healthy lives, the medications can also cause side effects such as nausea, diarrhea, and fatigue.
6. Death: Left untreated, HIV can progress to AIDS, which is a condition where the immune system is severely weakened. AIDS can lead to life-threatening infections and diseases, and without treatment, can be fatal.