The Fourteenth Amendment was ratified after the Civil War. Yet the first Supreme Court equal protection ruling related to gender was not made until the 1970s in Reed v. Reed.

Which of the following is a reason for the disparity between the promises and protections of the Constitution and the reality of women’s experiences?
Responses

The Supreme Court lacked enforcement power.
The Supreme Court lacked enforcement power.

Societal norms persisted despite legal protections.
Societal norms persisted despite legal protections.

The Nineteenth Amendment needed to be ratified first.
The Nineteenth Amendment needed to be ratified first.

Equal protection only applies to racial discrimination.

Societal norms persisted despite legal protections.