A sample of table sugar (sucrose, C12H22O11) has a mass of 1.202 g.
C. Calculate the moles of each element (C, H, and O) in sucrose. Show work.
D. Calculate the number of atoms of each element (C, H, and O) in sucrose. Show work.
C. To calculate the moles of each element in sucrose, we need to know the molar mass of sucrose, which is the sum of the molar masses of all the atoms in the molecule:
Molar mass of C: 12.01 g/mol (atomic mass of carbon)
Molar mass of H: 1.01 g/mol (atomic mass of hydrogen)
Molar mass of O: 16.00 g/mol (atomic mass of oxygen)
Molar mass of sucrose = (12.01 x 12) + (1.01 x 22) + (16.00 x 11) = 342.296 g/mol
Now we can use the mass of the sample and the molar mass of sucrose to calculate the moles of each element:
Moles of C = (12.01 g/mol x 12) / 342.296 g/mol = 0.422 mol
Moles of H = (1.01 g/mol x 22) / 342.296 g/mol = 0.065 mol
Moles of O = (16.00 g/mol x 11) / 342.296 g/mol = 0.513 mol
D. To calculate the number of atoms of each element in sucrose, we can use Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mol) and multiply it by the number of moles of each element we calculated in part C:
Number of atoms of C = 0.422 mol x 6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mol = 2.54 x 10^23 atoms
Number of atoms of H = 0.065 mol x 6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mol = 3.92 x 10^22 atoms
Number of atoms of O = 0.513 mol x 6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mol = 3.09 x 10^23 atoms
To calculate the moles and the number of atoms of each element in sucrose (C12H22O11), we need to use the molar masses and Avogadro's number. The molar mass of carbon (C) is 12.01 g/mol, hydrogen (H) is 1.01 g/mol, and oxygen (O) is 16.00 g/mol. Avogadro's number is 6.022 x 10^23 particles/mol.
To calculate the moles of each element:
Step 1: Calculate the moles of carbon (C):
Moles of C = Mass of C / Molar mass of C
Moles of C = 12 / 12.01
Moles of C ≈ 0.999 moles
Step 2: Calculate the moles of hydrogen (H):
Moles of H = Mass of H / Molar mass of H
Moles of H = 22 / 1.01
Moles of H ≈ 21.79 moles
Step 3: Calculate the moles of oxygen (O):
Moles of O = Mass of O / Molar mass of O
Moles of O = 11 / 16.00
Moles of O ≈ 0.688 moles
Therefore, the moles of each element in sucrose are approximately:
Moles of C = 0.999 moles
Moles of H = 21.79 moles
Moles of O = 0.688 moles
To calculate the number of atoms of each element:
Step 1: Convert the moles of each element to atoms:
Number of atoms = Moles of element x Avogadro's number
Number of atoms of C = 0.999 x 6.022 x 10^23
Number of atoms of C ≈ 6.02 x 10^23
Step 2: Calculate the number of atoms of hydrogen:
Number of atoms of H = 21.79 x 6.022 x 10^23
Number of atoms of H ≈ 1.312 x 10^25
Step 3: Calculate the number of atoms of oxygen:
Number of atoms of O = 0.688 x 6.022 x 10^23
Number of atoms of O ≈ 4.15 x 10^23
Therefore, the number of atoms of each element in sucrose (C12H22O11) are approximately:
Number of atoms of C = 6.02 x 10^23 atoms
Number of atoms of H = 1.312 x 10^25 atoms
Number of atoms of O = 4.15 x 10^23 atoms
To calculate the moles of each element (C, H, and O) in sucrose, we will use the molar masses of each element.
The molar mass of carbon (C) is approximately 12.01 g/mol.
The molar mass of hydrogen (H) is approximately 1.01 g/mol.
The molar mass of oxygen (O) is approximately 16.00 g/mol.
C. Calculate the moles of each element (C, H, and O) in sucrose:
1. Moles of carbon (C):
Mass of carbon (C) = molar mass of C * moles of C
Since sucrose (C12H22O11) has 12 carbon atoms, we can find the moles of carbon by dividing the mass of sucrose by the molar mass of carbon:
Moles of C = (Mass of sucrose / molar mass of C) * number of carbon atoms = (1.202 g / 12.01 g/mol) * 12 atoms = 1.202 g / (12.01 g/mol) = 0.0999 mol
2. Moles of hydrogen (H):
Mass of hydrogen (H) = molar mass of H * moles of H
Since sucrose (C12H22O11) has 22 hydrogen atoms, we can find the moles of hydrogen by dividing the mass of sucrose by the molar mass of hydrogen:
Moles of H = (Mass of sucrose / molar mass of H) * number of hydrogen atoms = (1.202 g / 1.01 g/mol) * 22 atoms = 1.202 g / (1.01 g/mol) = 11.9 mol
3. Moles of oxygen (O):
Mass of oxygen (O) = molar mass of O * moles of O
Since sucrose (C12H22O11) has 11 oxygen atoms, we can find the moles of oxygen by dividing the mass of sucrose by the molar mass of oxygen:
Moles of O = (Mass of sucrose / molar mass of O) * number of oxygen atoms = (1.202 g / 16.00 g/mol) * 11 atoms = 1.202 g / (16.00 g/mol) = 0.0751 mol
So, the moles of each element in sucrose are:
C: 0.0999 mol
H: 11.9 mol
O: 0.0751 mol
D. Calculate the number of atoms of each element (C, H, and O) in sucrose:
To find the number of atoms, we will use Avogadro's number, which is approximately 6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mol.
1. Number of carbon (C) atoms:
Number of C atoms = moles of C * Avogadro's number = 0.0999 mol * (6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mol) = 6.01 x 10^22 atoms
2. Number of hydrogen (H) atoms:
Number of H atoms = moles of H * Avogadro's number = 11.9 mol * (6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mol) = 7.17 x 10^24 atoms
3. Number of oxygen (O) atoms:
Number of O atoms = moles of O * Avogadro's number = 0.0751 mol * (6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mol) = 4.52 x 10^22 atoms
So, the number of atoms of each element in sucrose are:
C: 6.01 x 10^22 atoms
H: 7.17 x 10^24 atoms
O: 4.52 x 10^22 atoms