7) Explain three facts about Legionnaires disease.
1. Legionnaires disease is a severe form of pneumonia caused by the Legionella bacteria. The bacteria are commonly found in natural water sources such as rivers, lakes, and hot springs. Though rare, these bacteria can multiply rapidly in man-made water systems such as cooling towers, hot tubs, and fountains, especially if the water is not properly maintained.
2. The symptoms of Legionnaires disease may include high fever, cough, chest pain, muscle aches, headache, and fatigue. Gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may also occur. Legionnaires disease can be particularly dangerous for older adults, smokers, people with weakened immune systems or chronic lung disease, and those who have recently undergone surgery.
3. Legionnaires disease is typically diagnosed through laboratory testing of respiratory or urine samples. Treatment usually involves antibiotics, which are most effective when started early in the disease course. In severe cases, hospitalization and supportive therapies such as oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation may be necessary. Prevention efforts, such as proper maintenance and disinfection of water systems, can greatly reduce the risk of Legionnaires disease outbreaks.