How have the historic levels of melanin in human populations changed due to migration? (1 point)
Responses
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1) humans that produced less melanin became more common as populations migrated away from the equator.
2) the proportion of tortoises with the ability to extend their necks a long distance would increase
3) The environment changed such that green toads can blend into their surroundings better.
4) more long-beaked hummingbirds
5) The proportion of white-furred rabbits in the population declines.
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The historic levels of melanin in human populations have changed due to migration primarily through gene flow and adaptation to different environments. As humans moved to regions with higher UV radiation exposure, such as equatorial regions, populations adapted by producing more melanin to protect against the harmful effects of UV radiation. Conversely, as humans migrated to regions with lower UV radiation exposure, such as northern latitudes, there was a decrease in melanin production due to reduced selection pressure. Additionally, gene flow between different populations with varying levels of melanin production also influenced the overall frequency of certain alleles that control melanin production across different human populations.
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To determine how historic levels of melanin in human populations have changed due to migration, we would need to consider multiple factors and sources of information. Here's a step-by-step explanation of how you can approach this question:
1. Start with understanding what melanin is: Melanin is a pigment produced by special cells called melanocytes, which are responsible for determining the color of our skin, hair, and eyes. It plays a role in protecting the skin from harmful UV radiation.
2. Recognize the influence of migration on human populations: Migration has been a significant factor in shaping human populations throughout history. People have moved across continents, bringing their unique genetic makeup and characteristics with them, including variations in melanin production.
3. Consider genetic studies: Genetic studies can provide valuable insights into the history and distribution of genetic traits, including genes associated with melanin production. Researchers have studied human genomes from different populations to understand variations in melanin-related genes, such as MC1R.
4. Consult anthropological and historical studies: Anthropological and historical studies focus on human populations, their movements, and the factors that have contributed to diverse genetic traits. These studies can shed light on the impact of migration, colonization, trade, and cultural exchange on melanin levels in different regions.
5. Analyze archaeological evidence: Archaeological findings, such as ancient skeletal remains, can provide clues about the physical characteristics and skin color of past populations. By examining these remains, scientists can infer information about melanin levels and their potential changes over time.
6. Understand the limitations: It's essential to note that assessing historical changes in melanin levels is complex and can be limited by the availability and quality of data. Additionally, melanin is just one aspect of human genetic diversity, and migration can also influence other genetic variations.
By considering a combination of genetic studies, anthropological and historical research, and archaeological evidence, we can further our understanding of how migration has influenced the historic levels of melanin in human populations. It's always important to consult scientific literature and experts in the field to gain a comprehensive understanding of the topic.