Read the quote about Charlemagne.

“The man who led the Franks to victory and so created modern Europe was Charles the Great. . . . [W]ithout Charles and the legend of Charles Europe would have had a different history and a different character.”

Which of Charlemagne’s accomplishments might this writer have had in mind in crediting Charlemagne with the creation of “modern Europe”? Select the two correct answers.

1. Charlemagne's expansion of the Frankish kingdom and conquests which led to the emergence of a European empire.

2. Charlemagne's promotion of education and culture through the establishment of schools and the revival of Roman works.