1. How did Lenin plan to apply Marxism to Russia?
A. by putting Mensheviks in charge of government policy
B. by spontaneously overthrowing capitalism
C. by creating an elite Socialist ruling party to lead a revolution
D. by instituting widespread suffrage reform
2. Which of the following factors was a cause of Russia’s March Revolution?
A. Russia’s economy remained solely focused on agriculture.
B. Nicholas was a strong ruler who used force to impose his authority.
C. Russia experienced food and fuel shortages and huge casualties in World War I.
D. The outbreak of war in 1914 fueled national pride and united Russians.
3. Which factor was a cause of both revolutions in Russia in 1917?
A. the tsar's ineffective leadership of the troops at the front
B. Russia's involvement in World War I
C. Rasputin's influence over the tsarina
D. the provisional government's failure to address the country's problems
4. How was Lenin’s “war communism” similar to tsarism?
A. Both relied on secret police, terror, and autocratic rule.
B. Both were based on the popular appeal of a strong, charismatic leader.
C. Both furthered the rights of individuals over the interests of the state.
D. Both were based on the inherited power of the landed aristocracy.
5. Which of the following best describes the demographics of the USSR?
A. a loose affiliation of Slavic groups who shared a common religion
B. a nationalist state made up of Socialists and Communists
C. a multinational state made up of European and Asian peoples
D. a vast nation of industry and resources united to beat Germany
6. Which statement describes the February (March) Revolution?
A. The Bolsheviks murdered the tsar and his family.
B. Gregory Rasputin controlled the tsarina.
C. The Mensheviks urged gradual reforms.
D. The tsar resigned at the advice of others.
7. Which of the following is an example of Bolshevik land reform?
A. They seized land from peasants who refused to grow grain.
B. They ended private ownership of land and redistributed it to peasants.
C. The ended private ownership of land and created government agencies to take it over.
D. The failed to deal with land reform, causing a civil war.
8. Who opposed the Bolsheviks once they took power?
A. the Allies, the tsarists, and the Mensheviks
B. the Central Powers, the tsarists, and factory workers
C. non-Russians, the Reds, and Democrats
D. the Cheka, the Whites, and peasants
1. C. by creating an elite Socialist ruling party to lead a revolution.
2. C. Russia experienced food and fuel shortages and huge casualties in World War I.
3. B. Russia's involvement in World War I.
4. A. Both relied on secret police, terror, and autocratic rule.
5. C. a multinational state made up of European and Asian peoples.
6. D. The tsar resigned at the advice of others.
7. B. They ended private ownership of land and redistributed it to peasants.
8. A. the Allies, the tsarists, and the Mensheviks.
1. The answer is C. Lenin planned to apply Marxism to Russia by creating an elite Socialist ruling party to lead a revolution. To get this answer, you need to have a basic understanding of Marxism and Lenin's approach to implementing it in Russia. Marxism is a socialist ideology that advocates for the working class to overthrow the capitalist ruling class and establish a classless society. Lenin believed that a small, disciplined party of dedicated revolutionaries should lead the working class in a violent revolution to establish a socialist state.
2. The answer is C. Russia experienced food and fuel shortages and huge casualties in World War I. To get this answer, you need to have knowledge of the events leading up to the March Revolution in Russia. During World War I, Russia faced significant economic and social challenges, including food and fuel shortages, as well as a high number of casualties among the soldiers. These factors contributed to discontent among the Russian population and eventually led to the March Revolution.
3. The answer is B. Russia's involvement in World War I. To get this answer, you need to understand the factors that caused both revolutions in Russia in 1917. One of the main causes was Russia's involvement in World War I, which put a strain on the economy and led to widespread discontent among the population. This discontent eventually led to the overthrow of the tsarist regime in the February Revolution and the subsequent October Revolution led by the Bolsheviks.
4. The answer is A. Both relied on secret police, terror, and autocratic rule. To get this answer, you need to compare the characteristics of Lenin's "war communism" and tsarism. Both systems relied on secret police, employed terror as a means of control, and had autocratic rule. Under "war communism," the Bolsheviks implemented policies such as the seizure of grain from peasants and the forced requisitioning of resources, which were similar to the methods used by the tsarist regime to maintain control.
5. The answer is C. A multinational state made up of European and Asian peoples. To get this answer, you need to understand the demographics of the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics). The USSR was a multinational state that encompassed various ethnic groups from both Europe and Asia. It was not limited to a single Slavic group or a nationalist state but represented a diverse range of peoples under Soviet rule.
6. The answer is D. The tsar resigned at the advice of others. To get this answer, you need to have knowledge of the events of the February (March) Revolution in Russia. The February Revolution resulted in the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II, who was advised to resign by his advisors due to the widespread protests and unrest in the country. The Bolsheviks did not come to power until the October Revolution later that year.
7. The answer is B. They ended private ownership of land and redistributed it to peasants. To get this answer, you need to understand the Bolsheviks' land reform policies. Once the Bolsheviks took power, they implemented land reforms that ended private ownership of land and redistributed it to the peasants. This was part of their broader goal of transitioning to a socialist society where land and resources were collectively owned.
8. The answer is A. The Allies, the tsarists, and the Mensheviks. To get this answer, you need to know who opposed the Bolsheviks after they took power. The Allies, a coalition of countries fighting against the Central Powers during World War I, opposed the Bolsheviks due to their communist ideology. The tsarists, who were loyalists of the overthrown tsarist regime, also opposed the Bolsheviks. Additionally, the Mensheviks, a rival socialist party, were in opposition to the Bolsheviks.
1. The correct answer is C. Lenin planned to apply Marxism to Russia by creating an elite Socialist ruling party to lead a revolution.
2. The correct answer is C. Russia experienced food and fuel shortages and huge casualties in World War I, which was a cause of the March Revolution.
3. The correct answer is B. Russia's involvement in World War I was a cause of both revolutions in 1917.
4. The correct answer is A. Both Lenin's "war communism" and Tsarism relied on secret police, terror, and autocratic rule.
5. The correct answer is C. The demographics of the USSR consisted of a multinational state made up of European and Asian peoples.
6. The correct answer is D. The February (March) Revolution saw the tsar resign at the advice of others.
7. The correct answer is B. The Bolsheviks ended private ownership of land and redistributed it to peasants as part of their land reform.
8. The correct answer is A. Once the Bolsheviks took power, they faced opposition from the Allies, the tsarists, and the Mensheviks.