In a modern system of classification, two organisms would be most closely related if they were classified in the same

A. kingdom
B. genus
C. phylum
D. species

B. Genus. In modern system of classification, organisms are first divided into kingdoms based on their characteristics. Then, they are further classified into smaller groups such as phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. Organisms that are classified in the same genus are closely related and share a common ancestor more recently than organisms classified in the same family, order, or phylum.